Blättern nach Person
Ebene hoch |
2024
Miranda, E. ; Piros, E. ; Aguirre, F. L. ; Kim, T. ; Schreyer, P. ; Gehrunger, J. ; Schwarz, T. ; Oster, T. ; Hofmann, K. ; Suñé, J. ; Hochberger, C. ; Alff, L. (2024)
The role of the programming trajectory in the power dissipation dynamics and energy consumption of memristive devices.
In: IEEE Electron Device Letters, 45 (4)
doi: 10.1109/LED.2024.3368146
Artikel, Bibliographie
2023
Miranda, E. ; Piros, E. ; Aguirre, F. L. ; Kim, T. ; Schreyer, P. ; Gehrunger, J. ; Oster, T. ; Hofmann, K. ; Suñé, J. ; Hochberger, C. ; Alff, L. (2023)
Simulation of bipolar-type resistive switching devices using a recursive approach to the dynamic memdiode model.
In: IEEE Electron Device Letters, 44 (9)
doi: 10.1109/LED.2023.3298023
Artikel, Bibliographie
2022
Aguirre, F. ; Piros, E. ; Alff, L. ; Hochberger, C. ; Gehrunger, J. ; Petzold, S. ; Kaiser, N. ; Jalaguier, E. ; Nolot, E. ; Charpin-Nicolle, C. ; Vogel, T. ; Molina-Luna, L. ; Suñé, J. ; Miranda, E. (2022)
Compact model for oxygen engineered Yttrium oxide-based resistive switching devices.
2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO). Palma de Mallorca, Spain (04.07.2022 - 08.07.2022)
doi: 10.1109/NANO54668.2022.9928654
Konferenzveröffentlichung, Bibliographie
2021
Nandi, U. ; Mohammadi, M. ; Lu, H. ; Norman, J. ; Gossard, A. C. ; Alff, L. ; Preu, S. (2021)
Material properties and performance of ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photoconductors for 1550 nm laser operation.
In: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, 39 (2)
doi: 10.1116/6.0000773
Artikel, Bibliographie
2020
Schäfer, N. ; Karabas, N. ; Palakkal, J. P. ; Petzold, S. ; Major, M. ; Pietralla, N. ; Alff, L. (2020)
Kinetically induced low-temperature synthesis of Nb3Sn thin films.
In: Journal of Applied Physics, 128 (13)
doi: 10.1063/5.0015376
Artikel, Bibliographie
2019
Sabet, S. ; Moradabadi, A. ; Gorji, S. ; Fawey, M. H. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Radulov, I. ; Wang, D. ; Zhang, H. ; Kübel, C. ; Alff, L. (2019)
Correlation of Interface Structure with Magnetic Exchange in a Hard/Soft Magnetic Model Nanostructure.
In: Physical Review Applied, 11 (5)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.054078
Artikel, Bibliographie
Kehne, P. ; Guhl, C. ; Ma, Q. ; Tietz, F. ; Alff, L. ; Hausbrand, R. ; Komissinskiy, P. (2019)
Electrochemical Performance of All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Model Cells with Crystalline NaxCoO2 Thin-Film Cathodes.
In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166 (3)
doi: 10.1149/2.0491903jes
Artikel, Bibliographie
Kehne, P. ; Guhl, C. ; Ma, Q. ; Tietz, F. ; Alff, L. ; Hausbrand, R. ; Komissinskiy, P. (2019)
Sc-substituted Nasicon solid electrolyte for an all-solid-state NaxCoO2/Nasicon/Na sodium model battery with stable electrochemical performance.
In: Journal of Power Sources, 409
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.089
Artikel, Bibliographie
Salg, P. ; Walk, D. ; Zeinar, L. ; Radetinac, A. ; Molina-Luna, L. ; Zintler, A. ; Jakoby, R. ; Maune, H. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Alff, L. (2019)
Atomically interface engineered micrometer-thick SrMoO3 oxide electrodes for thin-film BaxSr1-xTiO3 ferroelectric varactors tunable at low voltages.
In: APL Materials, 7 (5)
doi: 10.1063/1.5094855
Artikel, Bibliographie
Walk, D. ; Kienemund, D. ; Zeinar, L. ; Salg, P. ; Radetinac, A. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Alff, L. ; Jakoby, R. ; Maune, H. (2019)
Characterization and Deembedding of Negative Series Inductance in On-Wafer Measurements of Thin-Film All-Oxide Varactors.
In: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters
doi: 10.1109/lmwc.2019.2897901
Artikel, Bibliographie
2018
Sabet, S. ; Moradabadi, A. ; Gorji, S. ; Yi, M. ; Gong, Q. ; Fawey, M. H. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Wang, D. ; Zhang, H. ; Xu, Bai-Xiang ; Kübel, C. ; Alff, L. (2018)
Impact of interface structure on magnetic exchange coupling in MnBi/FexCo1−x bilayers.
In: Physical Review B, 98 (17)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.174440
Artikel, Bibliographie
Walk, D. ; Salg, P. ; Kienemund, D. ; Radetinac, A. ; Zeinar, L. ; Schuster, C. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Alff, L. ; Jakoby, R. ; Maune, H. (2018)
Characterization and Modeling of Epitaxially Grown BST on a Conducting Oxide Electrode.
2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC).
doi: 10.23919/EuMC.2018.8541771
Konferenzveröffentlichung, Bibliographie
Sharma, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Major, M. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Radulov, I. ; Alff, L. (2018)
CeCo 5 thin films with perpendicular anisotropy grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 452
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.12.042
Artikel, Bibliographie
Conrad, J. ; Alff, L. ; Arnold, M. ; Flege, S. ; Grewe, R. ; Hug, F. ; Major, M. ; Pietralla, N. (2018)
Soft chemical polishing and surface analysis of niobium samples.
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1067
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1067/8/082009
Artikel, Bibliographie
2017
Major, M. ; Alff, L. ; Arnold, M. ; Conrad, J. ; Flege, S. ; Grewe, R. ; Pietralla, N. ; Hug, F. (2017)
STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF NITROGEN-DOPED NIOBIUM FOR
SUPERCONDUCTING RF CAVITIES.
Konferenzveröffentlichung, Bibliographie
Zintler, A. ; Kunz, U. ; Pivak, Y. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Vogel, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Kleebe, H.-J. ; Alff, L. ; Molina-Luna, L. (2017)
FIB based fabrication of an operative Pt/HfO 2 /TiN device for resistive switching inside a transmission electron microscope.
In: Ultramicroscopy, 181
doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.04.008
Artikel, Bibliographie
Major, M. ; Alff, L. ; Arnold, M. ; Conrad, J. ; Flege, S. ; Grewe, R. ; Pietralla, N. ; Hug, F. (2017)
Structural Investigations of Nitrogen-Doped Niobium for Superconducting RF Cavities.
In: Proceedings of IPAC 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark
Buchkapitel, Bibliographie
Ranecky, S. T. ; Watanabe, H. ; Ogawa, J. ; Oka, T. ; Gölden, D. ; Alff, L. ; Genenko, Y. A. (2017)
Experimental and theoretical study of AC losses in variable asymmetrical magnetic environments.
In: Superconductor Science and Technology, 30 (8)
doi: 10.1088/1361-6668/aa73bc
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sharma, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Radulov, I. ; Alff, L. (2017)
YCo 5 ± x thin films with perpendicular anisotropy grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 432
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.02.020
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sharma, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Radulov, I. ; Alff, L. (2017)
YCo5±xthin films with perpendicular anisotropy grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 432
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.02.020
Artikel, Bibliographie
Niu, G. ; Schubert, M. A. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Zaumseil, P. ; Vogel, S. ; Wenger, C. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Bhupathi, S. ; Perez, E. ; Alff, L. ; Lehmann, M. ; Schroeder, T. ; Niermann, T. (2017)
Electron holography on HfO2/HfO2−x bilayer structures with multilevel resistive switching properties.
In: Nanotechnology, 28 (21)
doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6cd9
Artikel, Bibliographie
Niu, G. ; Schubert, M. A. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Zaumseil, P. ; Vogel, S. ; Wenger, C. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Bhupathi, S. ; Perez, E. ; Alff, L. ; Lehmann, M. ; Schroeder, T. ; Niermann, T. (2017)
Electron holography on HfO2/HfO2−xbilayer structures with multilevel resistive switching properties.
In: Nanotechnology, 28 (21)
doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6cd9
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sabet, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Romer, F. M. ; Radulov, I. ; Zhang, H. ; Farle, M. ; Alff, L. (2017)
Low-Temperature Phase <italic>c</italic>-axis Oriented Manganese Bismuth Thin Films With High Anisotropy Grown From an Alloy Mn55Bi45 Target.
In: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53 (4)
doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2016.2636817
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sabet, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Romer, F. M. ; Radulov, I. ; Zhang, H. ; Farle, M. ; Alff, L. (2017)
Low-Temperature Phase c-axis Oriented Manganese Bismuth Thin Films With High Anisotropy Grown From an Alloy Mn55Bi45Target.
In: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53 (4)
doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2016.2636817
Artikel, Bibliographie
Gölden, D. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Alff, L. (2017)
Thin film phase diagram of iron nitrides grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 422
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.07.074
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sabet, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Alff, L. (2017)
Synthesis and magnetic properties of the thin film exchange spring system of MnBi/FeCo.
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 903
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/903/1/012032
Artikel, Bibliographie
2016
Rodenbücher, C. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Szot, K. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Kurian, J. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Breuer, U. ; Waser, R. ; Alff, L. (2016)
Hafnium carbide formation in oxygen deficient hafnium oxide thin films.
In: Applied Physics Letters, 108 (25)
doi: 10.1063/1.4954714
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sharath, S. U. ; Joseph, M. J. ; Vogel, S. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Kurian, J. ; Schroeder, T. ; Alff, L. (2016)
Impact of oxygen stoichiometry on electroforming and multiple switching modes in TiN/TaOx/Pt based ReRAM.
In: Applied Physics Letters, 109 (17)
doi: 10.1063/1.4965872
Artikel, Bibliographie
2015
Bick, D. S. ; Sharath, S. U. ; Hoffman, I. ; Major, M. ; Kurian, J. ; Alff, L. (2015)
(001) and (111) Single-Oriented Highly Epitaxial CeO2 Thin Films on r-Cut Sapphire Substrates.
In: Journal of Electronic Materials, 44 (8)
doi: 10.1007/s11664-015-3728-2
Artikel, Bibliographie
Zwiebler, M. ; Hamann-Borrero, J. E. ; Vafaee, M. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Macke, S. ; Sutarto, R. ; He, F. ; Büchner, B. ; Sawatzky, G. A. ; Alff, L. ; Geck, J. (2015)
Electronic depth profiles with atomic layer resolution from resonant soft x-ray reflectivity.
In: New Journal of Physics, 17 (8)
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/17/8/083046
Artikel, Bibliographie
Dirba, I. ; Yazdi, M. Baghaie ; Radetinac, A. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Flege, S. ; Gutfleisch, O. ; Alff, L. (2015)
Growth, structure, and magnetic properties of γ′-Fe4Nγ′-Fe4N thin films.
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 379
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.12.033
Artikel, Bibliographie
2014
Hirsch, S. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Flege, S. ; Li, S. ; Rachut, K. ; Klein, Andreas ; Alff, L. (2014)
Modification of energy band alignment and electric properties of Pt/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Pt thin-film ferroelectric varactors by Ag impurities at interfaces.
In: Journal of Applied Physics, 115 (24)
doi: 10.1063/1.4885880
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sharath, S. U. ; Bertaud, T. ; Kurian, J. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Walczyk, C. ; Calka, P. ; Zaumseil, P. ; Sowinska, M. ; Walczyk, D. ; Gloskovskii, A. ; Schroeder, T. ; Alff, L. (2014)
Towards forming-free resistive switching in oxygen engineered HfO2−x.
In: Applied Physics Letters, 104 (6)
doi: 10.1063/1.4864653
Artikel, Bibliographie
Shabadi, V. ; Major, M. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Vafaee, M. ; Radetinac, A. ; Baghaie Yazdi, M. ; Donner, W. ; Alff, L. (2014)
Origin of superstructures in (double) perovskite thin films.
In: Journal of Applied Physics, 116 (11)
doi: 10.1063/1.4895636
Artikel, Bibliographie
Sharath, S. U. ; Kurian, J. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Hildebrandt, E. ; Bertaud, T. ; Walczyk, C. ; Calka, P. ; Schroeder, T. ; Alff, L. (2014)
Thickness independent reduced forming voltage in oxygen engineered HfO2 based resistive switching memories.
In: Applied Physics Letters, 105 (7)
doi: 10.1063/1.4893605
Artikel, Bibliographie
2013
Lemmens, P. ; Gnezdilov, V. ; Shu, G. J. ; Alff, L. ; Lin, C. T. ; Keimer, B. ; Chou, F. C. (2013)
Enhanced low-energy fluctuations and increasing out-of-plane coherence in vacancy-ordered Na_{x}CoO_{2}.
In: Physical Review B, 88 (19)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.195151
Artikel, Bibliographie
Hord, R. ; Pascua, G. ; Hofmann, K. ; Cordier, G. ; Kurian, J. ; Luetkens, H. ; Pomjakushin, V. ; Reehuis, M. ; Albert, Barbara ; Alff, L. (2013)
Oxygen stoichiometry of low-temperature synthesized metastableT′-La2CuO4.
In: Superconductor Science and Technology, 26 (10)
doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/26/10/105026
Artikel, Bibliographie
Lilova, K. I. ; Hord, R. ; Alff, L. ; Albert, Barbara ; Navrotsky, A. (2013)
Thermodynamic study of orthorhombic Tx and tetragonal T′ lanthanum cuprate, La2CuO4.
In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 204
doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.05.005
Artikel, Bibliographie
Kurian, J. ; Buckow, A. ; Retzlaff, R. ; Alff, L. (2013)
Search for superconductivity in LaNiP2 (P=Bi, Sb) thin films grown by reactive molecular beam epitaxy.
In: Physica C: Superconductivity, 484
doi: 10.1016/j.physc.2012.03.003
Artikel, Bibliographie
Buckow, A. ; Retzlaff, R. ; Kurian, J. ; Alff, L. (2013)
Growth of superconducting epitaxial LaNixBi2pnictide thin films with a Bi square net layer by reactive molecular beam epitaxy.
In: Superconductor Science and Technology, 26 (1)
doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/26/1/015014
Artikel, Bibliographie
Baghaie Yazdi, M. ; Choi, K.-Y. ; Wulferding, D. ; Lemmens, P. ; Alff, L. (2013)
Raman study of the Verwey transition in magnetite thin films.
In: New Journal of Physics, 15 (10)
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/10/103032
Artikel, Bibliographie
2012
Hord, R. ; Buckow, A. ; Pascua, G. ; Luetkens, H. ; Weber, K. ; Günther, M. ; Klauss, H.-H. ; Alff, L. ; Albert, Barbara (2012)
Stabilisierung von La2CuO4 in der T′-Modifikation durch Dotierung.
doi: 10.1002/zaac.201204093
Konferenzveröffentlichung, Bibliographie
Kolchinskaya, A. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Yazdi, M. Baghaie ; Vafaee, M. ; Mikhailova, D. ; Narayanan, N. ; Ehrenberg, H. ; Wilhelm, F. ; Rogalev, A. ; Alff, L. (2012)
Magnetism and spin-orbit coupling in Ir-based double perovskites La_{2−x}Sr_{x}CoIrO_{6}.
In: Physical Review B, 85 (22)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.224422
Artikel, Bibliographie
Lei, Chun ; Davani, H. A. ; Kögel, B. ; Debernardi, P. ; Grasse, C. ; Gierl, C. ; Zogal, K. ; Haglund, Å. ; Gustavsson, J. ; Westbergh, P. ; Gründl, T. ; Komissinskiy, P. ; Bitsch, Thorsten ; Alff, L. ; Küppers, F. ; Larsson, A. ; Amann, M.-C. ; Meissner, P. ; Choquette, Kent D. (2012)
Polarization investigation of a tunable high-speed short-wavelength bulk-micromachined MEMS-VCSEL.
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XVI. San Francisco, California, USA (21.01.2012-21.01.2012)
doi: 10.1117/12.908262
Konferenzveröffentlichung, Bibliographie
Buckow, A. ; Retzlaff, R. ; Kurian, J. ; Alff, L. (2012)
MBE growth of LaNiBiO1-x thin films.
In: Physics Procedia, 27
doi: 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.470
Artikel, Bibliographie
2011
Radetinac, A. ; Takahashi, K. S. ; Alff, L. ; Kawasaki, M. ; Tokura, Y. (2011)
Single-crystalline Sr2MoO4 films as prepared by pulsed laser deposition.
In: Journal of Crystal Growth, 322 (1)
doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.03.009
Artikel, Bibliographie
Yazdi, M. Baghaie ; Goyallon, M.-L. ; Bitsch, Thorsten ; Kastner, A. ; Schlott, M. ; Alff, L. (2011)
Transparent magnetic oxide thin films of Fe3O4 on glass.
In: Thin Solid Films, 519 (8)
doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.12.003
Artikel, Bibliographie
2010
Hord, R. ; Luetkens, H. ; Pascua, G. ; Buckow, A. ; Hofmann, K. ; Krockenberger, Y. ; Kurian, J. ; Maeter, H. ; Klauss, H.-H. ; Pomjakushin, V. ; Suter, A. ; Albert, Barbara ; Alff, L. (2010)
Enhanced two-dimensional behavior of metastable T^{′}-La_{2}CuO_{4}, the parent compound of electron-doped cuprate superconductors.
In: Physical Review B, 82 (18)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.180508
Artikel, Bibliographie
2009
Winkler, A. ; Narayanan, N. ; Mikhailova, D. ; Bramnik, K. G. ; Ehrenberg, H. ; Fuess, H. ; Vaitheeswaran, G. ; Kanchana, V. ; Wilhelm, F. ; Rogalev, A. ; Kolchinskaya, A. ; Alff, L. (2009)
Magnetism in Re-based ferrimagnetic double perovskites.
In: New Journal of Physics, 11 (7)
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/073047
Artikel, Bibliographie
Olsen, J. Staun ; Gerward, L. ; Vaitheeswaran, G. ; Kanchana, V. ; Alff, L. (2009)
High-pressure structural behavior of the double perovskite Sr2CrReO6: an experimental and theoretical study.
In: High Pressure Research, 29 (1)
doi: 10.1080/08957950802429045
Artikel, Bibliographie
Hildebrandt, E. ; Kurian, J. ; Zimmermann, J. ; Fleissner, A. ; Seggern, H. von ; Alff, L. (2009)
Hafnium oxide thin films: Effect of growth parameters on oxygen and hafnium vacancies.
In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 27 (1)
doi: 10.1116/1.3043474
Artikel, Bibliographie
2008
Krockenberger, Y. ; Kurian, J. ; Naito, M. ; Alff, L. (2008)
Epitaxial growth of Gd₂₋ₓCeₓCuO₄ thin films.
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 108 (1)
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/108/1/012041
Artikel, Bibliographie
Krockenberger, Y. ; Kurian, J. ; Naitoh, M. ; Alff, L. (2008)
Epitaxial growth of Gd2-xCexCuO4 thin films.
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 108
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/108/1/012041
Artikel, Bibliographie
2007
Krockenberger, Y. ; Mogare, K. ; Reehuis, M. ; Tovar, M. ; Jansen, M. ; Vaitheeswaran, G. ; Kanchana, V. ; Bultmark, F. ; Delin, A. ; Wilhelm, F. ; Rogalev, A. ; Winkler, A. ; Alff, L. (2007)
Erratum: Sr2CrOsO6: End point of a spin-polarized metal-insulator transition by 5d band filling [Phys. Rev. B 75, 020404(R) (2007)].
In: Physical Review B, 75 (17)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.179901
Artikel, Bibliographie
Krockenberger, Y. ; Reehuis, M. ; Cristiani, G. ; Ritter, C. ; Habermeier, H.-U. ; Alff, L. (2007)
Neutron scattering and magnetic behavior of NaxRhO2.
In: Physica C: Superconductivity, 460-462
doi: 10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.038
Artikel, Bibliographie
Krockenberger, Y. ; Reehuis, M. ; Tovar, M. ; Mogare, K. ; Jansen, M. ; Alff, L. (2007)
A neutron scattering study of the crystal and magnetic structure of Sr2CrOsO6.
In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 310 (2)
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.648
Artikel, Bibliographie
Krockenberger, Y. ; Mogare, K. ; Reehuis, M. ; Tovar, M. ; Jansen, M. ; Vaitheeswaran, G. ; Kanchana, V. ; Bultmark, F. ; Delin, A. ; Wilhelm, F. ; Rogalev, A. ; Winkler, A. ; Alff, L. (2007)
Sr2CrOsO6: End point of a spin-polarized metal-insulator transition by 5d band filling.
In: Physical Review B, 75 (2)
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.020404
Artikel, Bibliographie
2006
Geprägs, S. ; Majewski, P. ; Gross, R. ; Ritter, C. ; Alff, L. (2006)
Electron doping in the double perovskite La[sub x]A[sub 2−x]CrWO[sub 6] with A=Sr and Ca.
In: Journal of Applied Physics, 99 (8)
doi: 10.1063/1.2167054
Artikel, Bibliographie