Eichhorn, Anna Vera (2017)
In-Vivo Feasibility Study and Developments for Cardiac Arrhythmia Ablation using Scanned Carbon Ions.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Cardiac arrhythmia are a widely spread global health burden. Currently, the standard treatments are anti-arrhythmic drugs and radio-frequency catheter ablation. The latter is an invasive procedure with varying success rates. For the treatment of atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac disorder, repetitions of the procedure are necessary in a significant amount of cases. Furthermore, radio-frequency catheter ablation is particularly ineffective against ventricular tachycardia, another common cardiac arrhythmia, as the thickness of the myocardium in the ventricles often prevents transmural scar formation. A promising alternative is the use of radiotherapy. During the last few years, several studies showed that ionizing radiation can alter electrical pathways within the heart muscle. The use of carbon ions instead of photons should offer significant dosimetric advantages, due to the inverse depth-dose profile. Accurate treatment of moving targets with scanned ion beams remains challenging and is still not a clinical routine. For the high doses needed for cardiac targets, careful consideration of motion mitigation is necessary.
In this work, the first in-vivo feasibility study in pigs using scanned carbon ions to induce targeted changes of the cardiac electrophysiology is presented. The focus lies on the 4D treatment planning approach and the motion mitigation techniques applied in the study. In total, 15 pigs were irradiated in three different target groups: atrioventricular node (AVN), pulmonary vein, and left ventricular free-wall. In each group, a specific heart structure was ablated using single-fraction doses of 40 Gy, except for the AVN group were doses of 25, 40 and 55 Gy were applied to carry out a dose escalation study.
Electrophysiological changes were found in all target groups after the experiment. Nevertheless, due to heterogeneous results among animals of the same dose group, the success rate was not satisfactory. A critical discussion of 4D treatment planning and delivery revealed the accuracy of deformable image registration as a potential source of error. The influence on 4D dose calculation could potentially explain limited results in single pigs and dose groups. Furthermore, a scan path optimization was developed to reduce treatment time while improving interplay reduction compared to methods employed in the in-vivo study. This optimization could also facilitate single-fraction and hypofractionated treatments in clinical radiotherapy. The scan path optimization and a dynamic intensity control were implemented in a simulation software which was subsequently validated and tested at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (Germany).
This work summarizes the current status of ion beam cardiac ablations and identifies and realizes possible improvements for future in-vivo studies in support of a fast clinical transition of catheter-free ablation using carbon ions.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2017 | ||||
Autor(en): | Eichhorn, Anna Vera | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | In-Vivo Feasibility Study and Developments for Cardiac Arrhythmia Ablation using Scanned Carbon Ions | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Durante, Prof. Dr. Marco ; Aumann, Prof. Dr. Thomas | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2017 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 6 Februar 2017 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/6082 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Cardiac arrhythmia are a widely spread global health burden. Currently, the standard treatments are anti-arrhythmic drugs and radio-frequency catheter ablation. The latter is an invasive procedure with varying success rates. For the treatment of atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac disorder, repetitions of the procedure are necessary in a significant amount of cases. Furthermore, radio-frequency catheter ablation is particularly ineffective against ventricular tachycardia, another common cardiac arrhythmia, as the thickness of the myocardium in the ventricles often prevents transmural scar formation. A promising alternative is the use of radiotherapy. During the last few years, several studies showed that ionizing radiation can alter electrical pathways within the heart muscle. The use of carbon ions instead of photons should offer significant dosimetric advantages, due to the inverse depth-dose profile. Accurate treatment of moving targets with scanned ion beams remains challenging and is still not a clinical routine. For the high doses needed for cardiac targets, careful consideration of motion mitigation is necessary. In this work, the first in-vivo feasibility study in pigs using scanned carbon ions to induce targeted changes of the cardiac electrophysiology is presented. The focus lies on the 4D treatment planning approach and the motion mitigation techniques applied in the study. In total, 15 pigs were irradiated in three different target groups: atrioventricular node (AVN), pulmonary vein, and left ventricular free-wall. In each group, a specific heart structure was ablated using single-fraction doses of 40 Gy, except for the AVN group were doses of 25, 40 and 55 Gy were applied to carry out a dose escalation study. Electrophysiological changes were found in all target groups after the experiment. Nevertheless, due to heterogeneous results among animals of the same dose group, the success rate was not satisfactory. A critical discussion of 4D treatment planning and delivery revealed the accuracy of deformable image registration as a potential source of error. The influence on 4D dose calculation could potentially explain limited results in single pigs and dose groups. Furthermore, a scan path optimization was developed to reduce treatment time while improving interplay reduction compared to methods employed in the in-vivo study. This optimization could also facilitate single-fraction and hypofractionated treatments in clinical radiotherapy. The scan path optimization and a dynamic intensity control were implemented in a simulation software which was subsequently validated and tested at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (Germany). This work summarizes the current status of ion beam cardiac ablations and identifies and realizes possible improvements for future in-vivo studies in support of a fast clinical transition of catheter-free ablation using carbon ions. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-60822 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 530 Physik | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 05 Fachbereich Physik | ||||
Hinterlegungsdatum: | 19 Mär 2017 20:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 19 Mär 2017 20:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Durante, Prof. Dr. Marco ; Aumann, Prof. Dr. Thomas | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 6 Februar 2017 | ||||
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