Kintea, Daniel Martin (2016)
Hydrodynamics and Thermodynamics of Ice Particle Accretion.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Icing in warm environments, e.g. in aircraft engines or heated measurement probes, occurs if airplanes fly through areas with high amounts of atmospheric ice crystals. Ingested into the warm engine, they start to melt, resulting in an airflow laden with mixed-phase particles consisting of water and ice. Liquid water deposits on component surfaces, which enables ice particles to adhere to them, forming ice accretion of considerable thickness. Such an accretion reduces reliability, power and efficiency of the engine and impedes the function of probes. While light icing reduces the aircraft’s economic viability and environmental-friendliness by increasing fuel consumption, it may lead to engine failure and damage as well as probe malfunction in severe cases, which threatens aircraft safety significantly. The aviation industry is highly interested in eliminating this problem and in developing accurate ice accretion models. As the comprehension of the underlying physics is still rudimentary, the accuracy of current prediction tools is rather limited. The goal of this work is to investigate the physical mechanisms leading to ice accretion by developing theoretical models and the implementation of them in numerical codes. Within the scope of this work, three main phenomena related to the process of ice crystal accretion are studied: the melting of non-spherical particles, the impact of small particles on a liquid surface and the accretion and shedding of ice layers. In order to investigate the particle melting, a theoretical model is developed based on an approximation of the particle shape as a spheroid. Due to capillary forces, the arising meltwater is presumed to accumulate in the particle mid-section, where the curvature is minimal. Numerically realized with a Level-Set approach, the model is able to predict the evolution of the shape of the melting particle and the time of its melting with high accuracy. It yields results which confirm the model’s superiority over currently employed melting models. The particle impact onto a liquid surface is studied numerically. In addition to pressure and viscous forces acting on the particle, capillary forces arising in the three phase contact line are taken into account by the Finite-Volume algorithm. An appropriate mesh motion allows for the movement of the particle which constitutes a boundary on the domain while the liquid-gaseous interface is accounted for by a Volume-of-Fluid method. The code accurately predicts the impact behavior of high Weber number processes as well as of low Weber impacts in which surface tension and the contact line force resulting from it prevails. By means of data obtained with the algorithm and a dimensional analysis, a simple correlation is found which is able to predict whether particles stick or rebound. Investigation of the behavior of accreted ice layers is carried out using two approaches. In the first approach, a detailed three-dimensional thermal model which resolves ice particles and liquid droplets is developed. It demonstrates that a porous ice/water layer behaves differently than solid ice. Theoretical modeling of the effective thermal properties and accounting for the transport of heat and mass in the ice layer is the basis of the second approach. It yields a numerical algorithm which efficiently predicts the composition of the accretion, which is then utilized to anticipate the instant of ice plate shedding. The obtained results agree very well with experimental data.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2016 | ||||
Autor(en): | Kintea, Daniel Martin | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Hydrodynamics and Thermodynamics of Ice Particle Accretion | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Tropea, Prof. Dr. Cameron ; Roisman, Dr. habil. Ilia ; Stephan, Prof. Dr. Peter | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2016 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 27 April 2016 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/5452 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Icing in warm environments, e.g. in aircraft engines or heated measurement probes, occurs if airplanes fly through areas with high amounts of atmospheric ice crystals. Ingested into the warm engine, they start to melt, resulting in an airflow laden with mixed-phase particles consisting of water and ice. Liquid water deposits on component surfaces, which enables ice particles to adhere to them, forming ice accretion of considerable thickness. Such an accretion reduces reliability, power and efficiency of the engine and impedes the function of probes. While light icing reduces the aircraft’s economic viability and environmental-friendliness by increasing fuel consumption, it may lead to engine failure and damage as well as probe malfunction in severe cases, which threatens aircraft safety significantly. The aviation industry is highly interested in eliminating this problem and in developing accurate ice accretion models. As the comprehension of the underlying physics is still rudimentary, the accuracy of current prediction tools is rather limited. The goal of this work is to investigate the physical mechanisms leading to ice accretion by developing theoretical models and the implementation of them in numerical codes. Within the scope of this work, three main phenomena related to the process of ice crystal accretion are studied: the melting of non-spherical particles, the impact of small particles on a liquid surface and the accretion and shedding of ice layers. In order to investigate the particle melting, a theoretical model is developed based on an approximation of the particle shape as a spheroid. Due to capillary forces, the arising meltwater is presumed to accumulate in the particle mid-section, where the curvature is minimal. Numerically realized with a Level-Set approach, the model is able to predict the evolution of the shape of the melting particle and the time of its melting with high accuracy. It yields results which confirm the model’s superiority over currently employed melting models. The particle impact onto a liquid surface is studied numerically. In addition to pressure and viscous forces acting on the particle, capillary forces arising in the three phase contact line are taken into account by the Finite-Volume algorithm. An appropriate mesh motion allows for the movement of the particle which constitutes a boundary on the domain while the liquid-gaseous interface is accounted for by a Volume-of-Fluid method. The code accurately predicts the impact behavior of high Weber number processes as well as of low Weber impacts in which surface tension and the contact line force resulting from it prevails. By means of data obtained with the algorithm and a dimensional analysis, a simple correlation is found which is able to predict whether particles stick or rebound. Investigation of the behavior of accreted ice layers is carried out using two approaches. In the first approach, a detailed three-dimensional thermal model which resolves ice particles and liquid droplets is developed. It demonstrates that a porous ice/water layer behaves differently than solid ice. Theoretical modeling of the effective thermal properties and accounting for the transport of heat and mass in the ice layer is the basis of the second approach. It yields a numerical algorithm which efficiently predicts the composition of the accretion, which is then utilized to anticipate the instant of ice plate shedding. The obtained results agree very well with experimental data. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-54521 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau > Fachgebiet Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik (SLA) 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 22 Mai 2016 19:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 22 Mai 2016 19:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Tropea, Prof. Dr. Cameron ; Roisman, Dr. habil. Ilia ; Stephan, Prof. Dr. Peter | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 27 April 2016 | ||||
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