Weißgraeber, Stephanie (2015)
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels—Structure and Evolution.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Computational models can shed light on protein function and the underlying mechanisms, where experimental approaches reach their limit. We developed an in silico mechanical model to analyze the process of cAMP-induced modulation in hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which conduct cations across the membrane of mammalian heart and brain cells. The structural analysis revealed a quaternary twist of the four subunits of the HCN channel tetramer. This motion has previously been shown to be part of the voltage-gating mechanism of other ion channels. The insight gained from the mechanical approach was supported by results of analyses of intramolecular coevolution: Covariation of amino acids is induced by compensating mutations that maintain vital functions of a protein. Therefore, these covariations can be used to locate positions relevant for protein function. We found long-range coevolutionary relationships in HCN that suggest the existence of large domain rearrangements like the ones we found for the allosteric conformational change upon cAMP binding. This thesis can be divided into two approaches: one based on structural data and another which analyzes sequence information. Together these results contribute to a deeper understanding of the gating mechanism of HCN channels.
• Mechanics of the HCN channel
– A homology model of the transmembrane domain of the HCN4 channel was developed and joined with the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain to create a combined model of HCN4.
– Release of cAMP from the binding pocket was simulated using an elastic network model and linear response theory to study the resulting conformational change.
– The displacement from this allosteric change was compared to intrinsic low frequency modes of the protein structure.
– Contacts were switched off one by one to identify key players of the observed motion.
• Intramolecular coevolution of HCN channels
– Parameter sets for multiple sequence alignments were analyzed with a visual analytics approach to improve alignment quality prior to coevolutionary analysis.
– Graph measures of the coevolutionary network of HCN were compared to four other proteins and two null models.
– We identified pairwise relationships that show long-range coevolution between the transmembrane region and the C-terminal domain.
– Three-dimensional mutual information revealed coevolving groups of residues at the interface between neighboring subunits of the tetramer.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2015 | ||||
Autor(en): | Weißgraeber, Stephanie | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels—Structure and Evolution | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Hamacher, Prof. Dr. Kay ; Thiel, Prof. Dr. Gerhard | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2015 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 13 Oktober 2014 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4212 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Computational models can shed light on protein function and the underlying mechanisms, where experimental approaches reach their limit. We developed an in silico mechanical model to analyze the process of cAMP-induced modulation in hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which conduct cations across the membrane of mammalian heart and brain cells. The structural analysis revealed a quaternary twist of the four subunits of the HCN channel tetramer. This motion has previously been shown to be part of the voltage-gating mechanism of other ion channels. The insight gained from the mechanical approach was supported by results of analyses of intramolecular coevolution: Covariation of amino acids is induced by compensating mutations that maintain vital functions of a protein. Therefore, these covariations can be used to locate positions relevant for protein function. We found long-range coevolutionary relationships in HCN that suggest the existence of large domain rearrangements like the ones we found for the allosteric conformational change upon cAMP binding. This thesis can be divided into two approaches: one based on structural data and another which analyzes sequence information. Together these results contribute to a deeper understanding of the gating mechanism of HCN channels. • Mechanics of the HCN channel – A homology model of the transmembrane domain of the HCN4 channel was developed and joined with the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain to create a combined model of HCN4. – Release of cAMP from the binding pocket was simulated using an elastic network model and linear response theory to study the resulting conformational change. – The displacement from this allosteric change was compared to intrinsic low frequency modes of the protein structure. – Contacts were switched off one by one to identify key players of the observed motion. • Intramolecular coevolution of HCN channels – Parameter sets for multiple sequence alignments were analyzed with a visual analytics approach to improve alignment quality prior to coevolutionary analysis. – Graph measures of the coevolutionary network of HCN were compared to four other proteins and two null models. – We identified pairwise relationships that show long-range coevolution between the transmembrane region and the C-terminal domain. – Three-dimensional mutual information revealed coevolving groups of residues at the interface between neighboring subunits of the tetramer. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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Freie Schlagworte: | HCN Channel, Elastic Network Model, Molecular Coevolution, Computational Biology | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-42129 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 10 Fachbereich Biologie > Computational Biology and Simulation 10 Fachbereich Biologie |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 11 Okt 2015 19:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 11 Okt 2015 19:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Hamacher, Prof. Dr. Kay ; Thiel, Prof. Dr. Gerhard | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 13 Oktober 2014 | ||||
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