Mendoza Malia, Leonor (2015)
Near Real-Time High-Rate GPS Data Analysis for Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
GPS has evolved lately in amazing ways: accurate surveying, financial transactions, precision agriculture and vehicle navigation, among others, are fields of study where GPS capabilities are highly involved. The use of GPS for earthquake magnitude determination and tsunami early warning has been introduced in the past years, along with an improvement in the accuracy of the solutions and an increase in processing speed. Earthquake magnitude determination is mainly achieved by using GPS as seismometers. Tsunami early warning is attained by estimating rupture parameters and comparing them with pre-computed models, obtaining an assessment of the threat. With further improvements in data obtention, transfer velocity and analysis methods, and the densification of GPS networks, warning times can be shortened and a better evaluation of the threat can be achieved, reducing or even eliminating false alarms. The first goal of this Thesis is to validate the capability of the custom processing here presented for earthquake detection. In particular, the 2011 Mw5.1 magnitude Lorca Earthquake was successfully identified, and the recorded peak-to-peak displacement agreed with seismic observations. It is one of the few medium-magnitude earthquakes that have been observed by GPS to date. The second and final goal of this Thesis is to introduce an approach for tsunami early warning, focused on the Iberian Peninsula and based on the load that a tsunami-induced redistribution of water imposes in the crust. This idea has not been observed in-situ due to the lack of real tsunami data in the area since the introduction of GPS. However, said approach has been tested for the stations in the Peninsula during two periods of extremely high tides in 2011. Also, a cyclone which hit the North Sea in December 2013 was successfully monitored by the use of GPS measurements, obtaining a good agreement between modeled and real surge data. This validates the detection capability and reveals the time that the crust takes to accommodate a big load. Some tsunami models have been later used to estimate the possible crustal deformation due to extreme events of specific characteristics. In summary, it is demonstrated that the processing of GPS data presented here, which can be achieved in near real-time, is applicable to detect a neighbouring medium-size earthquake. It can be also utilized as a redundant method for tsunami early warning and alert validation for the Iberian Peninsula, even when only those GPS stations already available there are used.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2015 | ||||
Autor(en): | Mendoza Malia, Leonor | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Near Real-Time High-Rate GPS Data Analysis for Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Becker, Prof. Dr Matthias ; Martin Davila, Prof. Dr Jose ; Sörgel, Prof. Dr Üwe | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | Juni 2015 | ||||
(Heft-)Nummer: | 44 | ||||
Reihe: | Schriftenreihe Fachrichtung Geodäsie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 17 Juni 2015 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4609 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | GPS has evolved lately in amazing ways: accurate surveying, financial transactions, precision agriculture and vehicle navigation, among others, are fields of study where GPS capabilities are highly involved. The use of GPS for earthquake magnitude determination and tsunami early warning has been introduced in the past years, along with an improvement in the accuracy of the solutions and an increase in processing speed. Earthquake magnitude determination is mainly achieved by using GPS as seismometers. Tsunami early warning is attained by estimating rupture parameters and comparing them with pre-computed models, obtaining an assessment of the threat. With further improvements in data obtention, transfer velocity and analysis methods, and the densification of GPS networks, warning times can be shortened and a better evaluation of the threat can be achieved, reducing or even eliminating false alarms. The first goal of this Thesis is to validate the capability of the custom processing here presented for earthquake detection. In particular, the 2011 Mw5.1 magnitude Lorca Earthquake was successfully identified, and the recorded peak-to-peak displacement agreed with seismic observations. It is one of the few medium-magnitude earthquakes that have been observed by GPS to date. The second and final goal of this Thesis is to introduce an approach for tsunami early warning, focused on the Iberian Peninsula and based on the load that a tsunami-induced redistribution of water imposes in the crust. This idea has not been observed in-situ due to the lack of real tsunami data in the area since the introduction of GPS. However, said approach has been tested for the stations in the Peninsula during two periods of extremely high tides in 2011. Also, a cyclone which hit the North Sea in December 2013 was successfully monitored by the use of GPS measurements, obtaining a good agreement between modeled and real surge data. This validates the detection capability and reveals the time that the crust takes to accommodate a big load. Some tsunami models have been later used to estimate the possible crustal deformation due to extreme events of specific characteristics. In summary, it is demonstrated that the processing of GPS data presented here, which can be achieved in near real-time, is applicable to detect a neighbouring medium-size earthquake. It can be also utilized as a redundant method for tsunami early warning and alert validation for the Iberian Peninsula, even when only those GPS stations already available there are used. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-46092 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 550 Geowissenschaften | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 13 Fachbereich Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften > Institut für Geodäsie > Physikalische Geodäsie und Satellitengeodäsie 13 Fachbereich Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften > Institut für Geodäsie 13 Fachbereich Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 12 Jul 2015 19:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 12 Jul 2015 19:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Becker, Prof. Dr Matthias ; Martin Davila, Prof. Dr Jose ; Sörgel, Prof. Dr Üwe | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 17 Juni 2015 | ||||
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