Yu, Wei (2015)
Genome-wide analysis of DNA damage and repair.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
In the first part of this thesis I studied the genome wide distribution of gammaH2AX, H2AX and H3 under physiological conditions and after 10 Gy X-ray exposure in HepG2 cells. This was done using a chromatin immune-precipitation approach coupled to massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). This method enables the mapping of sequences that are coupled to the above-mentioned histones to the genome and thus allows studying the DNA damage response with high resolution in a genome-wide manner. Using these data I could show that under physiological conditions neither H3, H2AX nor gammaH2AX are randomly distributed, but all three histone variants are overrepresented in euchromatic regions. But the relative gammaH2AX abundance (compared to H2AX) is inverted with a weak enrichment in heterochromatic areas. After exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) euchromatic areas show an overrepresentation at early time points, positively correlated to high GC content, transcription and H3K36me3 histone marks. In contrast at 24h an inverted gammaH2AX distribution becomes apparent, with correlation to H3K9me3 histone marks, low GC content and non-genic regions. Detailed analysis revealed that the expression level influences the phosphorylation levels at early time points in genic regions and that intermediately expressed genes show the strongest response. The analysis of repetitive elements revealed that different repetitive elements respond either according to their GC content, e.g. ALUs, or independent of their GC content but rather directed by their secondary structure, e.g. satellite repeats. The second part of the thesis was aimed to study the genome-wide distribution of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) following UVC exposure. Therefore a modified DNA immunoprecipitation technique was developed to combine with high-throughput sequencing that provided strand specific information (ssDIP-seq). The induction and persistence of a major DNA photo-lesion CPDs are thought to affect transcription, induce mutagenesis and finally contribute to skin cancer. Since CPDs can be repaired by two different sub-branches of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER), namely a XPC dependent global genomic (GG-NER) and CSB dependent transcription coupled NER (TC-NER), we studied the CPD repair in a NER proficient (HaCaT) and a XPC deficient cell line. The XPC-/- cells show higher levels of endogenous copy number variations than HaCaT cells and thus support the idea that repair deficiency might contribute to genomic aberrations. Chromosomes 16, 17, 19, X with high densities of microsatellites show resistance of CPD repair in a chromosome-specific manner. The motifs of CPD hotspots are confirmed as continuous di-pyrimidine dimers and CPD distribution analysis revealed a non-random dispersal with preferential enrichment in repetitive regions especially in microsatellite and low complexity repeats. In genic regions, CPDs are distributed in a strand-specific manner and CPDs are overrepresented in the anti-sense strand rather than the sense strand, gradient increase from transcription start to stop site of the sense strand and anti-correlated to the expression levels. The chromatin feature analysis around the CPD hotspots shows that condensed chromatin does not inhibit the formation of CPDs but hinders the repair process. Furthermore, histone marks for euchromatin are underrepresented around CPDs and heterochromatin is slightly enriched. This validates that a majority of un-repaired CPDs are located inside of heterochromatic regions and are deplete in regions with euchromatin histone modifications. And this tendency is enhanced in repair deficient cells at late repair time points.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2015 | ||||
Autor(en): | Yu, Wei | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Genome-wide analysis of DNA damage and repair | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Cardoso, Prof. Dr. M. Cristina ; Drossel, Prof. Dr. Barbara | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 15 Januar 2015 | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 17 Dezember 2014 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4352 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | In the first part of this thesis I studied the genome wide distribution of gammaH2AX, H2AX and H3 under physiological conditions and after 10 Gy X-ray exposure in HepG2 cells. This was done using a chromatin immune-precipitation approach coupled to massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). This method enables the mapping of sequences that are coupled to the above-mentioned histones to the genome and thus allows studying the DNA damage response with high resolution in a genome-wide manner. Using these data I could show that under physiological conditions neither H3, H2AX nor gammaH2AX are randomly distributed, but all three histone variants are overrepresented in euchromatic regions. But the relative gammaH2AX abundance (compared to H2AX) is inverted with a weak enrichment in heterochromatic areas. After exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) euchromatic areas show an overrepresentation at early time points, positively correlated to high GC content, transcription and H3K36me3 histone marks. In contrast at 24h an inverted gammaH2AX distribution becomes apparent, with correlation to H3K9me3 histone marks, low GC content and non-genic regions. Detailed analysis revealed that the expression level influences the phosphorylation levels at early time points in genic regions and that intermediately expressed genes show the strongest response. The analysis of repetitive elements revealed that different repetitive elements respond either according to their GC content, e.g. ALUs, or independent of their GC content but rather directed by their secondary structure, e.g. satellite repeats. The second part of the thesis was aimed to study the genome-wide distribution of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) following UVC exposure. Therefore a modified DNA immunoprecipitation technique was developed to combine with high-throughput sequencing that provided strand specific information (ssDIP-seq). The induction and persistence of a major DNA photo-lesion CPDs are thought to affect transcription, induce mutagenesis and finally contribute to skin cancer. Since CPDs can be repaired by two different sub-branches of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER), namely a XPC dependent global genomic (GG-NER) and CSB dependent transcription coupled NER (TC-NER), we studied the CPD repair in a NER proficient (HaCaT) and a XPC deficient cell line. The XPC-/- cells show higher levels of endogenous copy number variations than HaCaT cells and thus support the idea that repair deficiency might contribute to genomic aberrations. Chromosomes 16, 17, 19, X with high densities of microsatellites show resistance of CPD repair in a chromosome-specific manner. The motifs of CPD hotspots are confirmed as continuous di-pyrimidine dimers and CPD distribution analysis revealed a non-random dispersal with preferential enrichment in repetitive regions especially in microsatellite and low complexity repeats. In genic regions, CPDs are distributed in a strand-specific manner and CPDs are overrepresented in the anti-sense strand rather than the sense strand, gradient increase from transcription start to stop site of the sense strand and anti-correlated to the expression levels. The chromatin feature analysis around the CPD hotspots shows that condensed chromatin does not inhibit the formation of CPDs but hinders the repair process. Furthermore, histone marks for euchromatin are underrepresented around CPDs and heterochromatin is slightly enriched. This validates that a majority of un-repaired CPDs are located inside of heterochromatic regions and are deplete in regions with euchromatin histone modifications. And this tendency is enhanced in repair deficient cells at late repair time points. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-43527 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 10 Fachbereich Biologie > Cell Biology and Epigenetics 10 Fachbereich Biologie |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 18 Jan 2015 20:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 18 Jan 2015 20:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Cardoso, Prof. Dr. M. Cristina ; Drossel, Prof. Dr. Barbara | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 17 Dezember 2014 | ||||
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