Klopfer, Klaus (2014)
Computation of Complex Eigenmodes for Resonators Filled With Gyrotropic Materials.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
In this thesis, the numerical computation of complex eigenmodes of cavity resonators filled with magnetically biased gyrotropic material is demonstrated. For this purpose, a dedicated solver based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) has been developed, efficiently implemented as well as successfully verified.
Gyrotropic field problems arise, for instance, for the calculation of the resonance frequencies of ferrite-loaded resonators like the GSI SIS 18 cavity. Ferrites exhibit gyromagnetic properties with an anisotropic permeability, which furthermore depends both on frequency and bias field. Similarly, gyroelectric material such as magnetized plasmas can be described by a frequency- and bias field dependent permittivity tensor. Since these material tensors affect the system matrix of the eigenvalue problem, a dedicated solver is required. In this thesis, the FIT with a hexaedral staircase filling is employed for discretization. In the standard formulation, it is, however, limited to diagonally anisotropic materials. Hence, as one of the goals of this thesis, the FIT has been extended to gyromagnetic as well as gyroelectric materials in frequency domain. The derived expressions for the non-diagonal material matrices are fully consistent with the standard FIT when applied to non-gyrotropic materials. Moreover, their structure is manifestly Hermitian in the lossless case, even for non-equidistant grids.
Due to the above-mentioned material requirements, the newly developed solver consists of two components: The first one is a magnetostatic solver based on the H_i-algorithm supporting nonlinear material to calculate the magnetic field excited by the bias current. Having obtained the field distribution, the material properties are evaluated locally in each mesh cell at the specified working point. The second component is a Jacobi-Davidson type eigenvalue solver for the iterative solution of the nonlinear eigenproblem. To be capable of handling material losses, the eigensolver also supports non-Hermitian eigenproblems. What is more, efficient parallel computing on machines with distributed memory is possible. To this end, an ordering of the FIT-DOFs different from the standard scheme is implemented, which results in an increased computation to communication ratio. Furthermore, all DOFs that vanish a priori due to several reasons are completely removed from the vectors and matrices. All in all, gyrotropic eigenproblems discretized with several millions of mesh cells can be solved in a reasonable time by the developed solver. The validity of the numerically obtained results is confirmed by thorough comparisons with (semi-)analytical calculations.
As an application example, an eigenmode analysis of the GSI SIS 18 cavity is carried out. Since the required material data are not available in the data sheet of the manufacturer, designated measurements of the magnetic characteristics of the Ferroxcube 8C12m ferrite ring cores, which are installed inside the GSI SIS 18 cavities, were performed. Among these characteristics are the complex permeability as a function of frequency and bias magnetic field strength at low radio-frequency power levels as well as the B-H curve. The measurement methods together with the detailed data analysis including the presentation of evaluated data are supplemented to this thesis. The scalar, isotropic permeability retrieved this way is used for the cavity simulations. The obtained values for the resonance frequency and quality factor for the fundamental mode are in accordance with available measurement data. To demonstrate the further potential of the solver, also higher-order modes are investigated and an outlook on possibly advantageous 2-directional bias schemes is given.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2014 | ||||
Autor(en): | Klopfer, Klaus | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Computation of Complex Eigenmodes for Resonators Filled With Gyrotropic Materials | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Weiland, Prof. Dr. Thomas ; Klingbeil, Prof. Dr. Harald | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2014 | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 15 Oktober 2014 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4210 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | In this thesis, the numerical computation of complex eigenmodes of cavity resonators filled with magnetically biased gyrotropic material is demonstrated. For this purpose, a dedicated solver based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) has been developed, efficiently implemented as well as successfully verified. Gyrotropic field problems arise, for instance, for the calculation of the resonance frequencies of ferrite-loaded resonators like the GSI SIS 18 cavity. Ferrites exhibit gyromagnetic properties with an anisotropic permeability, which furthermore depends both on frequency and bias field. Similarly, gyroelectric material such as magnetized plasmas can be described by a frequency- and bias field dependent permittivity tensor. Since these material tensors affect the system matrix of the eigenvalue problem, a dedicated solver is required. In this thesis, the FIT with a hexaedral staircase filling is employed for discretization. In the standard formulation, it is, however, limited to diagonally anisotropic materials. Hence, as one of the goals of this thesis, the FIT has been extended to gyromagnetic as well as gyroelectric materials in frequency domain. The derived expressions for the non-diagonal material matrices are fully consistent with the standard FIT when applied to non-gyrotropic materials. Moreover, their structure is manifestly Hermitian in the lossless case, even for non-equidistant grids. Due to the above-mentioned material requirements, the newly developed solver consists of two components: The first one is a magnetostatic solver based on the H_i-algorithm supporting nonlinear material to calculate the magnetic field excited by the bias current. Having obtained the field distribution, the material properties are evaluated locally in each mesh cell at the specified working point. The second component is a Jacobi-Davidson type eigenvalue solver for the iterative solution of the nonlinear eigenproblem. To be capable of handling material losses, the eigensolver also supports non-Hermitian eigenproblems. What is more, efficient parallel computing on machines with distributed memory is possible. To this end, an ordering of the FIT-DOFs different from the standard scheme is implemented, which results in an increased computation to communication ratio. Furthermore, all DOFs that vanish a priori due to several reasons are completely removed from the vectors and matrices. All in all, gyrotropic eigenproblems discretized with several millions of mesh cells can be solved in a reasonable time by the developed solver. The validity of the numerically obtained results is confirmed by thorough comparisons with (semi-)analytical calculations. As an application example, an eigenmode analysis of the GSI SIS 18 cavity is carried out. Since the required material data are not available in the data sheet of the manufacturer, designated measurements of the magnetic characteristics of the Ferroxcube 8C12m ferrite ring cores, which are installed inside the GSI SIS 18 cavities, were performed. Among these characteristics are the complex permeability as a function of frequency and bias magnetic field strength at low radio-frequency power levels as well as the B-H curve. The measurement methods together with the detailed data analysis including the presentation of evaluated data are supplemented to this thesis. The scalar, isotropic permeability retrieved this way is used for the cavity simulations. The obtained values for the resonance frequency and quality factor for the fundamental mode are in accordance with available measurement data. To demonstrate the further potential of the solver, also higher-order modes are investigated and an outlook on possibly advantageous 2-directional bias schemes is given. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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Freie Schlagworte: | cavity resonators, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, ferrites, finite-integration technique (FIT), gyrotropism, numerical simulation | ||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-42100 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 18 Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 18 Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik > Institut für Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder (ab 01.01.2019 umbenannt in Institut für Teilchenbeschleunigung und Theorie Elektromagnetische Felder) |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 21 Dez 2014 20:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 03 Jun 2018 21:25 | ||||
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Referenten: | Weiland, Prof. Dr. Thomas ; Klingbeil, Prof. Dr. Harald | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 15 Oktober 2014 | ||||
Schlagworte: |
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