Guthmann, Thomas (2013)
The outer transmembrane domain of the Kesv channel determines its intracellular localization.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
The two viral potassium channels Kcv from Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Virus 1 and Kesv from Ectocarpus siliculosus Virus 1 are structurally very similar with a high degree of sequence identity. Despite these structural similarities, the two channels reveal, when expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells, a fundamentally different sorting: Kcv is located in the plasma membrane, while Kesv is in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Previous experiments have shown that the second transmembrane domain (TMD2) of Kesv contains a sorting signal. An elongation of this domain by >1 hydrophobic amino acids was able to redirect sorting of Kesv from the mitochondria to the secretory pathway and finally to the plasma membrane. The present thesis addresses the question on the molecular nature of this sorting signal in TMD2. To do this in an unbiased manner randomized mutants of the critical domain within TMD2 of Kesv were generated with a randomized site directed mutagenesis PCR. In combination with a yeast complementation assay, where only yeast mutants with a functional potassium channel in the plasma membrane can survive, two Kesv mutants could be identified. These channel mutants are no longer located in the mitochondria but in the plasma membrane. The results of these experiments show that an elongation of TMD2 in Kesv is not mandatory for this redirection of sorting. A bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid exchanges in the mutants implies that a shift in sorting is generated by amino acids, which lower the local energy for the transfer of the TMD2 into a membrane. To further verify the sorting of the two Kesv mutants into the plasma membrane, confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed. For a confidential localization it was necessary to optimize a method in which an isolated plasma membrane patch from mammalian cells is adhered with a poly-D-lysin coat to a glass surface. After removing the cell body by an osmotic shock and after further washing steps, which only leaves bare membrane patches, the fluorescent signal of GFP tagged channel proteins can be detected in these patches. In this assay it is possible to detect known plasma membrane channels such as Kat1 or Kcv and the two Kesv mutants. Kesv, which is sorted to mitochondria, is not seen in these patches. The results of these experiments underline the data from the yeast complementation assay in that the sorting mutants of Kesv are indeed localized in the plasma membrane. This interpretation was further underscored by single molecule studies. It occurred that the isolation of the membrane patches is in combination with TIRF microscopy suitable for high-resolution imaging on the level of single molecules. The signal to background ratio is very low because of the very low excitation volume of the flat membrane patch and the absence of signals from the cell body. Also with this technique it was possible to localize both the two Kesv mutants and the reference channels Kat1 and Kcv in the plasma membrane. The mobility of the proteins confirms that they are not peripheral but inserted into the membrane.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2013 | ||||
Autor(en): | Guthmann, Thomas | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | The outer transmembrane domain of the Kesv channel determines its intracellular localization | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Thiel, Prof. Dr. Gerhard ; Bertl, Prof. Dr. Adam | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2013 | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 4 Juli 2013 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3520 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | The two viral potassium channels Kcv from Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Virus 1 and Kesv from Ectocarpus siliculosus Virus 1 are structurally very similar with a high degree of sequence identity. Despite these structural similarities, the two channels reveal, when expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells, a fundamentally different sorting: Kcv is located in the plasma membrane, while Kesv is in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Previous experiments have shown that the second transmembrane domain (TMD2) of Kesv contains a sorting signal. An elongation of this domain by >1 hydrophobic amino acids was able to redirect sorting of Kesv from the mitochondria to the secretory pathway and finally to the plasma membrane. The present thesis addresses the question on the molecular nature of this sorting signal in TMD2. To do this in an unbiased manner randomized mutants of the critical domain within TMD2 of Kesv were generated with a randomized site directed mutagenesis PCR. In combination with a yeast complementation assay, where only yeast mutants with a functional potassium channel in the plasma membrane can survive, two Kesv mutants could be identified. These channel mutants are no longer located in the mitochondria but in the plasma membrane. The results of these experiments show that an elongation of TMD2 in Kesv is not mandatory for this redirection of sorting. A bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid exchanges in the mutants implies that a shift in sorting is generated by amino acids, which lower the local energy for the transfer of the TMD2 into a membrane. To further verify the sorting of the two Kesv mutants into the plasma membrane, confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed. For a confidential localization it was necessary to optimize a method in which an isolated plasma membrane patch from mammalian cells is adhered with a poly-D-lysin coat to a glass surface. After removing the cell body by an osmotic shock and after further washing steps, which only leaves bare membrane patches, the fluorescent signal of GFP tagged channel proteins can be detected in these patches. In this assay it is possible to detect known plasma membrane channels such as Kat1 or Kcv and the two Kesv mutants. Kesv, which is sorted to mitochondria, is not seen in these patches. The results of these experiments underline the data from the yeast complementation assay in that the sorting mutants of Kesv are indeed localized in the plasma membrane. This interpretation was further underscored by single molecule studies. It occurred that the isolation of the membrane patches is in combination with TIRF microscopy suitable for high-resolution imaging on the level of single molecules. The signal to background ratio is very low because of the very low excitation volume of the flat membrane patch and the absence of signals from the cell body. Also with this technique it was possible to localize both the two Kesv mutants and the reference channels Kat1 and Kcv in the plasma membrane. The mobility of the proteins confirms that they are not peripheral but inserted into the membrane. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-35208 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 10 Fachbereich Biologie 10 Fachbereich Biologie > Plant Membrane Biophyscis (am 20.12.23 umbenannt in Biologie der Algen und Protozoen) |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 21 Jul 2013 19:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 21 Jul 2013 19:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Thiel, Prof. Dr. Gerhard ; Bertl, Prof. Dr. Adam | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 4 Juli 2013 | ||||
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