Salvadó Pau, Mireia (2024)
Explorations towards the biocatalytic synthesis of a hazelnut aroma precursor.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00028709
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
In recent years many industries focus on biocatalysis in order to exploit the intrinsic advantages of enzyme catalysed chemistry. Substitution of classical reactions by enzymatic cascades, often leads to a controlled stereoselectivity of the reaction and the use of milder process conditions. Proof of concept for a multi enzyme cascade reaction for the synthesis of filbertone is suggested in this thesis. Filbertone (5-methyl-2-hepten-4-one, 1) is the principal flavour compound of hazelnut. The threshold for detection of 1 is at 5·10-6 ppm resulting in a soft, buttery sensation. Interestingly, filbertone isolated from hazelnut is not enantiomerically pure, but depending on its source has been reported for varying excess of the (S)-enantiomer. The enantiomeric composition of natural filbertone varies according to the origin of the nut, the extraction conditions, the thermal treatment (raw or roasted), etc. In order to become independent from seasonal availability, the hazelnut producers and the connected economic challenges synthetic access to filbertone is industrially relevant. The first chemical synthesis of filbertone has been established in the 1930ies. A more recent application by Symrise claims the synthesis of 1 in a more sustainable fashion since it is using environmentally benign methods, less toxic chemicals and claims to produce less waste. Even though 1 from this novel route does not yet fulfil all requirements for a European natural claim, these recent activities underline the demand for natural filbertone in the aroma industry. In this thesis, a concept for the synthesis of the filbertone precursor 3-hydroxy-5- methylheptan-4-one (6) from simple starting material i.e. 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (5a) and α-ketobutyrate (4a) is suggested. Employing amino acids (AAs) as starting material and the use of enzyme catalysts may allow the sustainable production of natural filbertone in a multi-enzyme cascade. The most challenging step in this reactions cascade is the C-C coupling to build the C7 compound. Therefore, the key step of the cascade is a regioselective transketolase (TK)-catalysed C-Cligation that uses two different carbonyl compounds as starting material. This step is carried out by a transketolase variant that originates from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The performance of all the enzymes involved in the cascade was characterised individually as well as in the one-pot reaction. The protein crystallography on transketolase variants allowed a better understanding of the function of the catalyst, supporting further studies by both site-directed mutagenesis or directed evolution. Moreover, different analytical techniques were employed to identify novel transketolase products.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2024 | ||||
Autor(en): | Salvadó Pau, Mireia | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Explorations towards the biocatalytic synthesis of a hazelnut aroma precursor | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Fessner, Prof. Dr. Wolf-Dieter ; Kolmar, Prof. Dr. Harald | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 5 Dezember 2024 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Kollation: | XVIII, 144 Seiten | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 16 September 2024 | ||||
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00028709 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/28709 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | In recent years many industries focus on biocatalysis in order to exploit the intrinsic advantages of enzyme catalysed chemistry. Substitution of classical reactions by enzymatic cascades, often leads to a controlled stereoselectivity of the reaction and the use of milder process conditions. Proof of concept for a multi enzyme cascade reaction for the synthesis of filbertone is suggested in this thesis. Filbertone (5-methyl-2-hepten-4-one, 1) is the principal flavour compound of hazelnut. The threshold for detection of 1 is at 5·10-6 ppm resulting in a soft, buttery sensation. Interestingly, filbertone isolated from hazelnut is not enantiomerically pure, but depending on its source has been reported for varying excess of the (S)-enantiomer. The enantiomeric composition of natural filbertone varies according to the origin of the nut, the extraction conditions, the thermal treatment (raw or roasted), etc. In order to become independent from seasonal availability, the hazelnut producers and the connected economic challenges synthetic access to filbertone is industrially relevant. The first chemical synthesis of filbertone has been established in the 1930ies. A more recent application by Symrise claims the synthesis of 1 in a more sustainable fashion since it is using environmentally benign methods, less toxic chemicals and claims to produce less waste. Even though 1 from this novel route does not yet fulfil all requirements for a European natural claim, these recent activities underline the demand for natural filbertone in the aroma industry. In this thesis, a concept for the synthesis of the filbertone precursor 3-hydroxy-5- methylheptan-4-one (6) from simple starting material i.e. 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (5a) and α-ketobutyrate (4a) is suggested. Employing amino acids (AAs) as starting material and the use of enzyme catalysts may allow the sustainable production of natural filbertone in a multi-enzyme cascade. The most challenging step in this reactions cascade is the C-C coupling to build the C7 compound. Therefore, the key step of the cascade is a regioselective transketolase (TK)-catalysed C-Cligation that uses two different carbonyl compounds as starting material. This step is carried out by a transketolase variant that originates from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The performance of all the enzymes involved in the cascade was characterised individually as well as in the one-pot reaction. The protein crystallography on transketolase variants allowed a better understanding of the function of the catalyst, supporting further studies by both site-directed mutagenesis or directed evolution. Moreover, different analytical techniques were employed to identify novel transketolase products. |
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Status: | Verlagsversion | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-287094 | ||||
Zusätzliche Informationen: | TU-Project: CC-TOP |
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Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 540 Chemie | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 07 Fachbereich Chemie 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Clemens-Schöpf-Institut 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Clemens-Schöpf-Institut > Fachgebiet Organische Chemie |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 05 Dez 2024 14:47 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 09 Dez 2024 12:37 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Fessner, Prof. Dr. Wolf-Dieter ; Kolmar, Prof. Dr. Harald | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 16 September 2024 | ||||
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