Zendel, Lauritz ; Koksharov, Josefine ; Dammel, Frank ; Stephan, Peter
Hrsg.: Karellas, Sotirios ; Kalogirou, Soteris ; Kakaras, Emmanuel ; Tsatsaronis, George ; Blanco Marigorta, Ana Maria ; Zoughaib, Assaad (2024)
Comparison of Stationary and Transient Simulations of a Latent Thermal Energy Storage Unit in a Carnot Battery.
37th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2024). Rhodos, Greece (30.06.2024 - 05.07.2024)
doi: 10.52202/077185-0036
Konferenzveröffentlichung, Bibliographie

Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)

The expansion of renewable energies is leading to an increasing fluctuation in electricity generation. Besides established concepts such as pumped hydroelectric energy storage for balancing demand and generation, the so-called Carnot battery (CB) is an emerging technology to store electrical energy. A CB consists of a heat pump, a thermal energy storage unit, and a heat engine. The heat pump is used for the charging process, which converts electrical energy to thermal energy. After storing the thermal energy in the thermal energy storage unit, the heat engine is used to discharge the storage unit and supply electrical energy. As the competition on the electricity market is high, an optimal configuration has to be found to achieve an economically viable CB. So far, many different CB systems have been investigated using different configurations including different storage units. Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) units are less explored than sensible thermal energy storage units, but they are promising due to their relatively constant operating temperature and high energy densities. Therefore, CBs based on LTES are examined in this study. The LTES is a component which should be modeled transiently, as the phase change material (PCM) undergoes a phase change during charging and discharging. Within an optimization problem, the time to carry out a transient simulation exceeds the available computing capacity. Therefore, the transient behavior must be approximated by a stationary simulation. The deviation between stationary and transient results must be quantified in order to assess the uncertainty. This study investigates the difference between two stationary simulations of a CB based on an LTES unit with erythritol as PCM and the results of a transient simulation of this configuration. The simulations are compared with regard to the coefficient of performance, the efficiency of the heat engine, and the round-trip efficiency. It turns out that both stationary simulations are not capable to approximate the transient simulation satisfactorily. Therefore, the use of several stationary simulations instead of just one stationary simulation could be investigated in the future to achieve the desired objective. For all simulations the commercial software EBSILON®Professional is used.

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