Heppe, Nils (2024)
Investigating the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on Immobilized Iron Porphyrins in Aqueous Electrolyte.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00027685
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Hydrogen generation from renewable energy sources is a cornerstone in the effort of decarbonizing the economy. Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (MNC) catalysts pose a cheap alternative for platinum-based hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts to lower the costs of electrolyzers and make them broadly accessible for sustainable applications. However, their inhomogeneity makes it inherently difficult to derive structure-property relationships, which are required for further improvement. In this work immobilized iron porphyrins are used as model catalysts to mimic FeNC catalysts. The molecular discrete structure enables the formulation of structure-property relationships that can be transferred to MNC catalysts. A series of iron porphyrins were selected to obtain a systematic variation of the electronic properties of their FeN₄ centers. The electrochemical characteristics of these porphyrins were investigated as immobilized model catalysts in aqueous electrolytes as well as solved in organic electrolytes. To determine structural characteristics X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy were employed. These results were utilized to validate the DFT calculations, which were conducted to model the electronic changes of the iron porphyrins. Based on the electrochemical activity, spectroscopic insights and ab initio predictions, distinct structure-property relationships were derived. Further, does this study demonstrate the first use of nuclear forward scattering for operando characterization of electrocatalysts under reaction conditions. The obtained direct spectroscopic insights into the catalytically active center were again compared to the previously validated DFT model and interpreted. This enabled the identification of the species formed operando as part of the reaction mechanism. In culmination of these results an overall reaction mechanism for the hydrogen evolution reaction on iron porphyrins was proposed. As rate determining step, an internal base mechanism was suggested in which the water ligand bound to the FeN₄ center is deprotonated by one of the center’s nitrogen atoms. Transferring these results to the catalyst design of MNCs indicates the importance of increasing the π radical anion character of the reduced active centers' nitrogen atoms in order to obtain highly active MN₄ centers for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2024 | ||||
Autor(en): | Heppe, Nils | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Investigating the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism on Immobilized Iron Porphyrins in Aqueous Electrolyte | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Kramm, Prof. Dr. Ulrike I. ; Krewald, Prof. Dr. Vera ; Strasser, Prof. Dr. Peter | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2 August 2024 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Kollation: | XV, 243 Seiten | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 14 Juni 2024 | ||||
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00027685 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/27685 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Hydrogen generation from renewable energy sources is a cornerstone in the effort of decarbonizing the economy. Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (MNC) catalysts pose a cheap alternative for platinum-based hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts to lower the costs of electrolyzers and make them broadly accessible for sustainable applications. However, their inhomogeneity makes it inherently difficult to derive structure-property relationships, which are required for further improvement. In this work immobilized iron porphyrins are used as model catalysts to mimic FeNC catalysts. The molecular discrete structure enables the formulation of structure-property relationships that can be transferred to MNC catalysts. A series of iron porphyrins were selected to obtain a systematic variation of the electronic properties of their FeN₄ centers. The electrochemical characteristics of these porphyrins were investigated as immobilized model catalysts in aqueous electrolytes as well as solved in organic electrolytes. To determine structural characteristics X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy were employed. These results were utilized to validate the DFT calculations, which were conducted to model the electronic changes of the iron porphyrins. Based on the electrochemical activity, spectroscopic insights and ab initio predictions, distinct structure-property relationships were derived. Further, does this study demonstrate the first use of nuclear forward scattering for operando characterization of electrocatalysts under reaction conditions. The obtained direct spectroscopic insights into the catalytically active center were again compared to the previously validated DFT model and interpreted. This enabled the identification of the species formed operando as part of the reaction mechanism. In culmination of these results an overall reaction mechanism for the hydrogen evolution reaction on iron porphyrins was proposed. As rate determining step, an internal base mechanism was suggested in which the water ligand bound to the FeN₄ center is deprotonated by one of the center’s nitrogen atoms. Transferring these results to the catalyst design of MNCs indicates the importance of increasing the π radical anion character of the reduced active centers' nitrogen atoms in order to obtain highly active MN₄ centers for the hydrogen evolution reaction. |
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Status: | Verlagsversion | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-276854 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 540 Chemie | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Eduard Zintl-Institut > Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie > Fachgruppe Katalysatoren und Elektrokatalysatoren 07 Fachbereich Chemie 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Eduard Zintl-Institut > Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Eduard Zintl-Institut |
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TU-Projekte: | PTJ|03XP0092|StredO Nachwuchsgrup DFG|KR3980/8-1|Einfluss der Katalys |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 02 Aug 2024 12:09 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 05 Aug 2024 05:16 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Kramm, Prof. Dr. Ulrike I. ; Krewald, Prof. Dr. Vera ; Strasser, Prof. Dr. Peter | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 14 Juni 2024 | ||||
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