Choudhury, Soham ; Vega Florez, Daniel D. ; Xiao, Xiong ; Hanson, Jutta (2023)
Primary Frequency Control of a Hybrid AC-DC Transmission Grid with Integration of Grid-Forming Converters.
22nd Wind and Solar Integration Workshop. Copenhagen, Denmark (23.-26.09.2023)
doi: 10.1049/icp.2023.2804
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Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)

Traditionally, primary frequency control is performed by synchronous generators. The inertia provided by the rotating mass of the generators and the turbine-governor controllers are responsible for stabilizing the frequency for first few seconds after an imbalance between the generation and the load. With the rapid growth of power electronic converter-based technologies and increased integration of non-synchronous generation, the stability of the modern power system is challenged due to the loss of this inertia. This work aims at investigating the impact of embedded HVDC grids and different levels of grid-forming converter generation on the frequency dynamics of a hybrid AC-DC transmission grid. A dynamic model of an embedded point-to-point VSC-HVDC in the IEEE 4-machine, 2-area power system is implemented and time-domain simulations of different scenarios with varying renewable energy penetration for a load step event are simulated. The presented results suggest that for higher levels of grid-forming converter penetration, it is possible to guarantee frequency stability with proper controller tuning. However, with higher degree of penetration of grid-forming converters the rate of change of frequency also increases.

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