Köbschall, Kilian (2023)
Transport Processes in Snow and Ice Crystal Icing.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00024470
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Icing caused by snow and ice crystals poses a serious threat in aviation. Ice crystals ingested into jet engines can partially melt, which facilitates the adhesion of the ice particles to engine components. The accumulated ice deteriorates engine performance and shedding of the accretion can extinguish the combustion or cause severe damage. Helicopters are particularly vulnerable to wet snow, which can clog the engine intake, reducing efficiency and potentially causing a flameout when shed into the engine. The associated physical phenomena are diverse and not yet completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to provide insight into several key processes involved in snow and ice crystal icing.
In the first part of this thesis, transport processes of airborne snowflakes are studied. Numerical tools to predict icing require accurate models to determine the trajectory and liquid fraction of snowflakes, which is challenging due to their highly complex shape. To improve the estimation of the drag coefficient, an experimental study is performed using artificial snowflakes. Additionally, a theoretical model, based on the convex hull of the particle is developed. This model enables the estimation of three-dimensional descriptors from two-dimensional particle projections, which drastically reduces the required information to predict snowflake drag.
Experiments are conducted on the melting of laboratory-generated snowflakes. A theoretical model is proposed and validated by comparing the predicted size evolution and melting duration against experimental results. The novel model requires less empiricism than previous models and is able to account for different particle morphologies. The second part of this thesis considers the water transport in porous ice layers. First, imbibition into melting granular ice layers is investigated. A capacitive sensor is developed and utilized to characterize the space and time resolved liquid distribution during imbibition. Pore saturation is found to increase with decreasing porosity. Decreasing grain size and increasing volume flux due to melting result in a sharper decline in saturation.
Finally, a capacitive measurement instrument for the application in icing wind tunnels is developed. This novel instrument uncovers the liquid distribution in ice accretions, which was previously inaccessible in experimental studies. The conducted wind tunnel experiments reveal the relation between liquid fraction and growth rate of an ice layer.
The gained insights presented in the present thesis enable an enhanced prediction of snow and ice crystal icing and can thereby improve safety and efficiency in aviation.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2023 | ||||
Autor(en): | Köbschall, Kilian | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Transport Processes in Snow and Ice Crystal Icing | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Tropea, Prof. Dr. Cameron ; Hussong, Prof. Dr. Jeanette ; Trontin, Prof. Pierre | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 16 Oktober 2023 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Kollation: | viii, 171 Seiten | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 3 August 2023 | ||||
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00024470 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/24470 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Icing caused by snow and ice crystals poses a serious threat in aviation. Ice crystals ingested into jet engines can partially melt, which facilitates the adhesion of the ice particles to engine components. The accumulated ice deteriorates engine performance and shedding of the accretion can extinguish the combustion or cause severe damage. Helicopters are particularly vulnerable to wet snow, which can clog the engine intake, reducing efficiency and potentially causing a flameout when shed into the engine. The associated physical phenomena are diverse and not yet completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to provide insight into several key processes involved in snow and ice crystal icing. In the first part of this thesis, transport processes of airborne snowflakes are studied. Numerical tools to predict icing require accurate models to determine the trajectory and liquid fraction of snowflakes, which is challenging due to their highly complex shape. To improve the estimation of the drag coefficient, an experimental study is performed using artificial snowflakes. Additionally, a theoretical model, based on the convex hull of the particle is developed. This model enables the estimation of three-dimensional descriptors from two-dimensional particle projections, which drastically reduces the required information to predict snowflake drag. Experiments are conducted on the melting of laboratory-generated snowflakes. A theoretical model is proposed and validated by comparing the predicted size evolution and melting duration against experimental results. The novel model requires less empiricism than previous models and is able to account for different particle morphologies. The second part of this thesis considers the water transport in porous ice layers. First, imbibition into melting granular ice layers is investigated. A capacitive sensor is developed and utilized to characterize the space and time resolved liquid distribution during imbibition. Pore saturation is found to increase with decreasing porosity. Decreasing grain size and increasing volume flux due to melting result in a sharper decline in saturation. Finally, a capacitive measurement instrument for the application in icing wind tunnels is developed. This novel instrument uncovers the liquid distribution in ice accretions, which was previously inaccessible in experimental studies. The conducted wind tunnel experiments reveal the relation between liquid fraction and growth rate of an ice layer. The gained insights presented in the present thesis enable an enhanced prediction of snow and ice crystal icing and can thereby improve safety and efficiency in aviation. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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Freie Schlagworte: | Aircraft Icing, Ice Crystal Icing, Snow, Snowflakes, Phase Change, Imbibition | ||||
Status: | Verlagsversion | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-244704 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau > Fachgebiet Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik (SLA) |
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TU-Projekte: | EC/H2020|767560|MUSIC-haic EC/H2020|824310|ICE GENESIS |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 16 Okt 2023 12:06 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 17 Okt 2023 05:06 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Tropea, Prof. Dr. Cameron ; Hussong, Prof. Dr. Jeanette ; Trontin, Prof. Pierre | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 3 August 2023 | ||||
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