Surges, Benjamin (2022)
Late breakdown behaviour of 72.5 kV vacuum interrupters during capacitive switching with a synthetic test method.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00022999
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
The interruption of capacitive currents involves a demanding dielectric stress for high voltage vacuum interrupters. Dielectric breakdowns up to several hundreds of milliseconds after current interruption are possible, which may result in harmful voltage escalations. Additionally, high inrush currents prestress the vacuum interrupter especially during the energisation of capacitor banks.
A synthetic test method is applied to study the late breakdown behaviour of vacuum interrupters of 72.5 kV rated voltage during capacitive switching. The first part of this work focuses on factorial experiments that are applied to determine the influence of different test circuit parameters on the breakdown behaviour in an efficient way. The results confirm the significant impact of inrush currents on the breakdown rate. However, a relevant effect of the other tested parameters, e.g. breaking current and arcing time, cannot be ascertained for the investigated range.
In the second part of this work measured pre-breakdown phenomena are presented and discussed. While field emission currents are measured with a commonly applied sense resistor, the detection of charged microparticles is conducted by utilising a partial discharge measurement technique. With a contact stroke set to 38 mm field emission currents occur only rarely and only during the beginning of the recovery voltage with preceding late contact separation, when the full contact gap has not yet been established. For a reduced contact stroke of 20 mm high field emission currents can be present for long periods of time with magnitudes up to several tens of milliamperes. The phenomenon of self-limiting current pulses, often referred to as microdischarges, has also been observed repeatedly. Field emission currents and microdischarges are more likely to appear after the vacuum interrupter is stressed by an inrush current. However, the majority of breaking tests with late breakdowns include neither significant preceding field emission current nor microdischarges. Moreover, the mere presence of the highest field emission currents does not necessarily result in a disruptive discharge. This result supports the hypothesis that field emission at larger contact gaps has a negligible influence on the late breakdown behaviour. In the case of the microparticle detection measurement, a recurring current pulse pattern was detected that is likely to be linked to microparticles impacting with the contact surface. However, no correlation can be drawn between the frequency of occurrence of this pulse pattern and the occurrence of late breakdowns. Therefore, it is concluded that the breakdown process is not triggered by multiple microparticle collisions but rather by a singular event supplying sufficient energy for the release of electrons and gaseous matter for the fast development of dielectric breakdown inside the vacuum interrupter.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2022 | ||||
Autor(en): | Surges, Benjamin | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Late breakdown behaviour of 72.5 kV vacuum interrupters during capacitive switching with a synthetic test method | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Hinrichsen, Prof. Dr. Volker ; Smeets, Prof. Dr. René | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2022 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Kollation: | xiv, 133 Seiten | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 16 September 2022 | ||||
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00022999 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/22999 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | The interruption of capacitive currents involves a demanding dielectric stress for high voltage vacuum interrupters. Dielectric breakdowns up to several hundreds of milliseconds after current interruption are possible, which may result in harmful voltage escalations. Additionally, high inrush currents prestress the vacuum interrupter especially during the energisation of capacitor banks. A synthetic test method is applied to study the late breakdown behaviour of vacuum interrupters of 72.5 kV rated voltage during capacitive switching. The first part of this work focuses on factorial experiments that are applied to determine the influence of different test circuit parameters on the breakdown behaviour in an efficient way. The results confirm the significant impact of inrush currents on the breakdown rate. However, a relevant effect of the other tested parameters, e.g. breaking current and arcing time, cannot be ascertained for the investigated range. In the second part of this work measured pre-breakdown phenomena are presented and discussed. While field emission currents are measured with a commonly applied sense resistor, the detection of charged microparticles is conducted by utilising a partial discharge measurement technique. With a contact stroke set to 38 mm field emission currents occur only rarely and only during the beginning of the recovery voltage with preceding late contact separation, when the full contact gap has not yet been established. For a reduced contact stroke of 20 mm high field emission currents can be present for long periods of time with magnitudes up to several tens of milliamperes. The phenomenon of self-limiting current pulses, often referred to as microdischarges, has also been observed repeatedly. Field emission currents and microdischarges are more likely to appear after the vacuum interrupter is stressed by an inrush current. However, the majority of breaking tests with late breakdowns include neither significant preceding field emission current nor microdischarges. Moreover, the mere presence of the highest field emission currents does not necessarily result in a disruptive discharge. This result supports the hypothesis that field emission at larger contact gaps has a negligible influence on the late breakdown behaviour. In the case of the microparticle detection measurement, a recurring current pulse pattern was detected that is likely to be linked to microparticles impacting with the contact surface. However, no correlation can be drawn between the frequency of occurrence of this pulse pattern and the occurrence of late breakdowns. Therefore, it is concluded that the breakdown process is not triggered by multiple microparticle collisions but rather by a singular event supplying sufficient energy for the release of electrons and gaseous matter for the fast development of dielectric breakdown inside the vacuum interrupter. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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Freie Schlagworte: | vacuum, circuit breaker, high voltage, late breakdown, capacitive switching, field emission, microparticles | ||||
Status: | Verlagsversion | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-229996 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 18 Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 18 Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik > Institut für Elektrische Energiesysteme > Hochspannungstechnik 18 Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik > Institut für Elektrische Energiesysteme |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 22 Dez 2022 13:38 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 02 Jan 2023 08:02 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Hinrichsen, Prof. Dr. Volker ; Smeets, Prof. Dr. René | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 16 September 2022 | ||||
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