Wagner, Stephan (2022)
Advanced Characterization of Fe-N-C Catalysts using Nuclear Resonance Techniques.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00022019
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Catalyst systems for fuel cell applications are an important and auspicious aspect to turn the fossil fuel-based economy into a sustainable one based on regenerative energy stocks like solar, wind and water power. To efficiently regulate the demand and consumption of energy from such sources, a suitable storage medium is crucial. One such medium is hydrogen, which serves as a means for easy transportation, storage, direct energy conversion, or as a feedstock for additional chemical processes. The high costs of precious metals like platinum, which is most commonly used as catalysts in fuel cells, is one reason for the high acquisition costs of such systems and one reason that hydrogen has been largely neglected as a medium for commercial applications so far. New synthesis and fabrication approaches have reduced the overall use of platinum group metals (PGMs) as catalysts but such systems remain expensive in comparison to fossil fuels. For the use in fuel cells, a nature-inspired catalyst system based on iron, nitrogen and carbon, the so called Fe-N-Cs, can be a cheaper alternative to precious group metal (PGM) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). They have the advantage of high abundance of the three required elements and the fact that the preparation based on various and cheap precursors. To replace PGM catalysts by Fe-N-Cs, performance and lifetime need to reach specific target values. Therefore, knowledge about the structure and reaction mechanism are crucial to fully comprehend their degradation and durability behavior in order to replace platinum-based catalysts in fuel cell applications. In this work, Fe-N-C catalysts are examined using a custom-made, operando fuel cell assembly that is installed at a synchrotron beamline to characterize the catalyst’s active site under operation conditions by nuclear forward scattering (NFS). NFS has the advantage of much faster measurement time in comparison to Mössbauer spectroscopy, while the spectra are much more difficult to analyze. In addition, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) and rotating disc electrode (RDE) of as prepared and deactivated catalysts, fuel cell measurements and post mortem analyses were performed and assessed as suitable techniques to conspicuous the active site. These techniques were accomplished in cooperation by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the interpretation of NIS.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2022 | ||||
Autor(en): | Wagner, Stephan | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Advanced Characterization of Fe-N-C Catalysts using Nuclear Resonance Techniques | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Kramm, Prof. Dr. Ulrike I. ; Schünemann, Prof. Dr. Volker | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2022 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Kollation: | 119, xxv, d Seiten | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 14 Januar 2022 | ||||
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00022019 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/22019 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Catalyst systems for fuel cell applications are an important and auspicious aspect to turn the fossil fuel-based economy into a sustainable one based on regenerative energy stocks like solar, wind and water power. To efficiently regulate the demand and consumption of energy from such sources, a suitable storage medium is crucial. One such medium is hydrogen, which serves as a means for easy transportation, storage, direct energy conversion, or as a feedstock for additional chemical processes. The high costs of precious metals like platinum, which is most commonly used as catalysts in fuel cells, is one reason for the high acquisition costs of such systems and one reason that hydrogen has been largely neglected as a medium for commercial applications so far. New synthesis and fabrication approaches have reduced the overall use of platinum group metals (PGMs) as catalysts but such systems remain expensive in comparison to fossil fuels. For the use in fuel cells, a nature-inspired catalyst system based on iron, nitrogen and carbon, the so called Fe-N-Cs, can be a cheaper alternative to precious group metal (PGM) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). They have the advantage of high abundance of the three required elements and the fact that the preparation based on various and cheap precursors. To replace PGM catalysts by Fe-N-Cs, performance and lifetime need to reach specific target values. Therefore, knowledge about the structure and reaction mechanism are crucial to fully comprehend their degradation and durability behavior in order to replace platinum-based catalysts in fuel cell applications. In this work, Fe-N-C catalysts are examined using a custom-made, operando fuel cell assembly that is installed at a synchrotron beamline to characterize the catalyst’s active site under operation conditions by nuclear forward scattering (NFS). NFS has the advantage of much faster measurement time in comparison to Mössbauer spectroscopy, while the spectra are much more difficult to analyze. In addition, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) and rotating disc electrode (RDE) of as prepared and deactivated catalysts, fuel cell measurements and post mortem analyses were performed and assessed as suitable techniques to conspicuous the active site. These techniques were accomplished in cooperation by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the interpretation of NIS. |
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Status: | Verlagsversion | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-220195 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 530 Physik 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 540 Chemie 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 660 Technische Chemie |
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Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Eduard Zintl-Institut > Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie > Fachgruppe Katalysatoren und Elektrokatalysatoren 07 Fachbereich Chemie 07 Fachbereich Chemie > Eduard Zintl-Institut > Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie |
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TU-Projekte: | Bund/BMBF|05K16RD1|NUKFER | ||||
Hinterlegungsdatum: | 29 Aug 2022 12:04 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 30 Aug 2022 05:06 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Kramm, Prof. Dr. Ulrike I. ; Schünemann, Prof. Dr. Volker | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 14 Januar 2022 | ||||
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