Pabst, Florian (2022)
Understanding the relaxation spectra of neat and mixed ionic liquids.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00020885
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Due to their unique properties, ionic liquids are promising candidates for various applications. The possibility to combine cations and anions almost arbitrarily leads to a virtually infinite number of different ionic liquids. The hope is that one could tailor an ionic liquid for a specific need in this way. However, to achieve a particular property, it would be essential to understand the ionic liquids on a microscopy level and not rely on trial and error. One crucial point is the dynamics of the ions, for example, concerning reaction media or electrolytes. However, the ion dynamics are quite complex due to the balanced interplay between Coulomb, hydrogen-bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, in cases where cations are equipped with long, non-polar chains, it was found that nanosized aggregates form in neat ionic liquids. In this way, rotational and translational motions of cations and anions together with motions of aggregates possibly show up in the spectra of dynamical measurements. This has led to dynamic processes in the spectra being interpreted differently in the literature with respect to their microscopic origin.
Therefore, this work aims to combine dielectric spectroscopy and depolarized light scattering to disentangle the rotational and translational contributions found in the relaxation spectra of ionic liquids. This is done for various neat ionic liquids, where the cations are equipped with non-polar chains of different lengths, thus varying the size ratio between cations and anions. Measurements are performed from far above room temperature down to the glass transition. In the case of dielectric spectroscopy, also pressures up to 550 MPa are applied. In this way, it could be shown that the dynamics of cations and anions separate in the case of a large size difference between the two ion species. Rotational motions of the cations are revealed to be the origin of a slow dielectric relaxation process, which was formerly often ascribed to motions of aggregates. It could be shown that such aggregates show up only in rare cases in the light scattering spectra at low frequencies, not accessible by dielectric spectroscopy. Furthermore, mixtures of an ionic liquid with water or 1-propanol are considered. The rotational contribution of the admixtures is discriminated from the ion dynamics and from signatures of hydrogen-bonding mediated orientational cross-correlations. Additionally, an ionic gel is prepared by mixing an ionic liquid with water and gelatin, and it is shown that the rotational and translational dynamics of the ions are hardly affected by the presence of the gelatin, although macroscopically, mechanical rigidity is introduced. More fundamental questions regarding the intensity of the scattered light and the shape of the rotational spectra, which have arisen during this work, are also addressed based on non-ionic systems.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2022 | ||||
Autor(en): | Pabst, Florian | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Understanding the relaxation spectra of neat and mixed ionic liquids | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Blochowicz, Prof. Dr. Thomas ; Vogel, Prof. Dr. Michael | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2022 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Kollation: | vii, 209 Seiten | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 21 Februar 2022 | ||||
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00020885 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/20885 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Due to their unique properties, ionic liquids are promising candidates for various applications. The possibility to combine cations and anions almost arbitrarily leads to a virtually infinite number of different ionic liquids. The hope is that one could tailor an ionic liquid for a specific need in this way. However, to achieve a particular property, it would be essential to understand the ionic liquids on a microscopy level and not rely on trial and error. One crucial point is the dynamics of the ions, for example, concerning reaction media or electrolytes. However, the ion dynamics are quite complex due to the balanced interplay between Coulomb, hydrogen-bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, in cases where cations are equipped with long, non-polar chains, it was found that nanosized aggregates form in neat ionic liquids. In this way, rotational and translational motions of cations and anions together with motions of aggregates possibly show up in the spectra of dynamical measurements. This has led to dynamic processes in the spectra being interpreted differently in the literature with respect to their microscopic origin. Therefore, this work aims to combine dielectric spectroscopy and depolarized light scattering to disentangle the rotational and translational contributions found in the relaxation spectra of ionic liquids. This is done for various neat ionic liquids, where the cations are equipped with non-polar chains of different lengths, thus varying the size ratio between cations and anions. Measurements are performed from far above room temperature down to the glass transition. In the case of dielectric spectroscopy, also pressures up to 550 MPa are applied. In this way, it could be shown that the dynamics of cations and anions separate in the case of a large size difference between the two ion species. Rotational motions of the cations are revealed to be the origin of a slow dielectric relaxation process, which was formerly often ascribed to motions of aggregates. It could be shown that such aggregates show up only in rare cases in the light scattering spectra at low frequencies, not accessible by dielectric spectroscopy. Furthermore, mixtures of an ionic liquid with water or 1-propanol are considered. The rotational contribution of the admixtures is discriminated from the ion dynamics and from signatures of hydrogen-bonding mediated orientational cross-correlations. Additionally, an ionic gel is prepared by mixing an ionic liquid with water and gelatin, and it is shown that the rotational and translational dynamics of the ions are hardly affected by the presence of the gelatin, although macroscopically, mechanical rigidity is introduced. More fundamental questions regarding the intensity of the scattered light and the shape of the rotational spectra, which have arisen during this work, are also addressed based on non-ionic systems. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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Status: | Verlagsversion | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-208851 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 530 Physik | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 05 Fachbereich Physik 05 Fachbereich Physik > Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie (IPKM) 05 Fachbereich Physik > Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie (IPKM) > Struktur und Dynamik amorpher Systeme |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 05 Apr 2022 13:03 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 06 Apr 2022 09:31 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Blochowicz, Prof. Dr. Thomas ; Vogel, Prof. Dr. Michael | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 21 Februar 2022 | ||||
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