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Sediments of two Gondwana glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials

Lewin, Anna (2020)
Sediments of two Gondwana glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.25534/tuprints-00013300
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung, Verlagsversion

Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)

The Gondwana supercontinent was completely assembled in the Late Neoproterozoic by closure of the Mozambique Ocean and formation of the extensive East African Orogen at the suture of East and West Gondwana. A peneplain formed on the northern margin of the supercontinent, on which a vast blanket of Palaeozoic sediment was deposited. Major amounts of sediment are assumed to have been eroded and transported from the East African Orogen to the continental margin via large sediment fans (Gondwana super-fan system).

The Palaeozoic sedimentary succession of northern Ethiopia evidences two Gondwana glaciations, which are recorded in the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian Enticho Sandstone and the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian Edaga Arbi Glacials. These formations have been studied sedimentologically and palynologically, but their provenance remained unclear. This thesis presents a multi-method provenance study on samples of these two formations. Thin section petrography provides the basis; then the bulk sandstone samples were analysed for their major and trace element geochemistry. Heavy minerals were separated from the samples and their assemblage was determined. Mineral chemical analyses were conducted on rutile and garnet grains from both formations. Finally, detrital zircon ages were determined. The study followed the objective to fill a data gap in correlation of provenance patterns across Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of northern Gondwana, providing further insights into the Palaeozoic sediment dispersal system and the influence of the two glaciations on sediment provenance.

The Enticho Sandstone is composed of tillite at the base followed by glaciogenic sandstone, probably representing meltwater deposits. At the top of the formation, better sorting and distinct cross stratification show shallow marine reworking and evidence the post-glacial transgression. The Edaga Arbi Glacials comprise tillite and finely laminated sand- and siltstone with dropstones, interrupted by sandy layers.

The two formations differ strongly in their mineralogical maturity. The Enticho Sandstone is highly mature and unusually quartzose for glaciogenic sandstone. The marine sub-unit shows even higher quartz contents. The geochemical composition underlines this high maturity and yields a high chemical index of alteration (85), pointing to intense chemical weathering and reworking of the material. It is likely that the alteration has taken place before the glaciation. The Edaga Arbi Glacials feature lower maturity with higher amounts of feldspar and rock fragments and a chemical index of alteration of 62. Trace and rare earth elements indicate a higher influence of juvenile source material than for the Enticho Sandstone. Juvenile crustal rocks are abundant in the underlying Nubian Shield. Comparison of the geochemical data with age-equivalent formations in Saudi Arabia shows similar patterns for the Ordovician–Silurian, but major differences in the Carboniferous–Permian, supporting previous assumptions of a large, uniform sedimentary system during the Late Ordovician glaciation and more localised sediment transport during the Carboniferous–Permian.

Detrital zircon chronology resulted in main age populations of Pan-African (700–550 Ma), Tonian (900–700 Ma), Stenian–Tonian (1200–900 Ma) and minor Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean zircons for both formations. The relation of the Tonian and Stenian–Tonian populations, however, differs strongly between the two formations. The Enticho Sandstone is characterised by a prominent Stenian–Tonian population, which can be used to trace the Gondwana super-fan system. Correlation with Upper Ordovician (glaciogenic) and Cambrian–Ordovician sandstones in northern Africa and the Middle East yields high similarity with those in Israel, Jordan and Libya, which are assumed to represent a super-fan. It further shows that no change in zircon age patterns occurs with the onset of the glaciation. It is thus likely that the Enticho Sandstone contains recycled super-fan material. The Edaga Arbi Glacials have a characteristic Tonian population. Such ages are omnipresent in the southern Nubian Shield and represent its earliest formation stage, supporting the assumption of a rather proximal provenance. No regional or stratigraphic trends could be observed within one of the studied formations.

The heavy mineral assemblages of both formations are highly different as well. The Enticho Sandstone is characterised by a large proportion of the ultra-stable heavy minerals zircon, tourmaline and rutile (ZTR). In the lower, glaciogenic sub-unit, significant amounts of garnet are also present. In the Edaga Arbi Glacials, on the other hand, apatite and garnet make up most of the heavy mineral assemblage. No stratigraphic trends were identified within the Edaga Arbi Glacials. Neither could regional trends be observed in one of the studied formations. These patterns underline the differences in mineralogical maturity revealed by petrography and geochemistry. Very little chemical alteration must have affected the Edaga Arbi Glacials, whereas the material forming the Enticho Sandstone is strongly altered. In the well sorted and permeable marine subunit of the Enticho Sandstone it is likely that diagenetic modification by corrosive pore fluids took place and reinforced the high mineralogical maturity. Rutile and garnet chemical analyses point to a combination of magmatic and metamorphic source rocks with metamorphic temperatures of mainly amphibolite-, but also granulite-facies grade for both formations. For the Enticho Sandstone, the heavy mineral analysis confirms the assumption that it contains recycled super-fan material, which was strongly weathered before on the North Gondwana peneplain. The garnet is thought to have been delivered by varying erosion of the basement of the Saharan Metacraton (and maybe also the Nubian Shield) by the glaciers. The proximal provenance of the Edaga Arbi Glacials is confirmed again by the high amounts of unstable heavy minerals. Since the directly underlying basement does not contain high-grade metamorphic rocks, a provenance from the southern hinterland is likely, where the Nubian Shield merges the Mozambique Belt and higher metamorphic grades were reached.

Combining all methods and their outcome with information from the literature, the following provenance models can be inferred for the two studied formations. The Enticho Sandstone was formed during the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) glaciation, when a large ice sheet covered much of northern Africa with a spreading centre in North-West Africa. The ice reached as far south-east as the study area. Ice and meltwater transported sediments to the study area; sediments, which were spread before via the Gondwana super-fan system and strongly weathered on the North Gondwana peneplain during the Cambrian and pre-glacial Ordovician. The original provenance of this super-fan material remains unclear. Material of the Saharan Metacraton basement was eroded by glaciers and admixed to variable amounts. During the post-glacial transgression in the Early Silurian, the upper part of the sedimentary succession was reworked by seawater without adding new detritus. In contrast, the Edaga Arbi Glacials are sourced from the southern hinterland of the Nubian Shield at the transition to the Mozambique Belt. In the Late Palaeozoic, a complex regional topography led to mountain glaciers that eroded the uplifted basement and transported material to nearby depressions, in which proglacial lakes formed. A period of non-deposition between the two formations may have been caused by a consecutive combination of isostatic-rebound after the Late Ordovician glaciation, eustatic sea-level fall in the late Silurian–early Devonian and up-doming prior to Neo-Tethys rifting. No recycling of the Enticho Sandstone by the Edaga Arbi Glacials took place on a grand scale. This was either because the deposition of the former was limited to northern Ethiopia and the source area for the latter was to the south or because the Enticho Sandstone was eroded in the source area of the Edaga Arbi Glacials before the Carboniferous–Permian glaciation.

Typ des Eintrags: Dissertation
Erschienen: 2020
Autor(en): Lewin, Anna
Art des Eintrags: Erstveröffentlichung
Titel: Sediments of two Gondwana glaciations in Ethiopia: Provenance of the Enticho Sandstone and the Edaga Arbi Glacials
Sprache: Englisch
Referenten: Hinderer, Prof. Dr. Matthias ; Meinhold, PD Dr. Guido
Publikationsjahr: August 2020
Ort: Darmstadt
Kollation: XI, 87 Seiten
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 21 Juli 2020
DOI: 10.25534/tuprints-00013300
URL / URN: https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/13300
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract):

The Gondwana supercontinent was completely assembled in the Late Neoproterozoic by closure of the Mozambique Ocean and formation of the extensive East African Orogen at the suture of East and West Gondwana. A peneplain formed on the northern margin of the supercontinent, on which a vast blanket of Palaeozoic sediment was deposited. Major amounts of sediment are assumed to have been eroded and transported from the East African Orogen to the continental margin via large sediment fans (Gondwana super-fan system).

The Palaeozoic sedimentary succession of northern Ethiopia evidences two Gondwana glaciations, which are recorded in the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian Enticho Sandstone and the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian Edaga Arbi Glacials. These formations have been studied sedimentologically and palynologically, but their provenance remained unclear. This thesis presents a multi-method provenance study on samples of these two formations. Thin section petrography provides the basis; then the bulk sandstone samples were analysed for their major and trace element geochemistry. Heavy minerals were separated from the samples and their assemblage was determined. Mineral chemical analyses were conducted on rutile and garnet grains from both formations. Finally, detrital zircon ages were determined. The study followed the objective to fill a data gap in correlation of provenance patterns across Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of northern Gondwana, providing further insights into the Palaeozoic sediment dispersal system and the influence of the two glaciations on sediment provenance.

The Enticho Sandstone is composed of tillite at the base followed by glaciogenic sandstone, probably representing meltwater deposits. At the top of the formation, better sorting and distinct cross stratification show shallow marine reworking and evidence the post-glacial transgression. The Edaga Arbi Glacials comprise tillite and finely laminated sand- and siltstone with dropstones, interrupted by sandy layers.

The two formations differ strongly in their mineralogical maturity. The Enticho Sandstone is highly mature and unusually quartzose for glaciogenic sandstone. The marine sub-unit shows even higher quartz contents. The geochemical composition underlines this high maturity and yields a high chemical index of alteration (85), pointing to intense chemical weathering and reworking of the material. It is likely that the alteration has taken place before the glaciation. The Edaga Arbi Glacials feature lower maturity with higher amounts of feldspar and rock fragments and a chemical index of alteration of 62. Trace and rare earth elements indicate a higher influence of juvenile source material than for the Enticho Sandstone. Juvenile crustal rocks are abundant in the underlying Nubian Shield. Comparison of the geochemical data with age-equivalent formations in Saudi Arabia shows similar patterns for the Ordovician–Silurian, but major differences in the Carboniferous–Permian, supporting previous assumptions of a large, uniform sedimentary system during the Late Ordovician glaciation and more localised sediment transport during the Carboniferous–Permian.

Detrital zircon chronology resulted in main age populations of Pan-African (700–550 Ma), Tonian (900–700 Ma), Stenian–Tonian (1200–900 Ma) and minor Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean zircons for both formations. The relation of the Tonian and Stenian–Tonian populations, however, differs strongly between the two formations. The Enticho Sandstone is characterised by a prominent Stenian–Tonian population, which can be used to trace the Gondwana super-fan system. Correlation with Upper Ordovician (glaciogenic) and Cambrian–Ordovician sandstones in northern Africa and the Middle East yields high similarity with those in Israel, Jordan and Libya, which are assumed to represent a super-fan. It further shows that no change in zircon age patterns occurs with the onset of the glaciation. It is thus likely that the Enticho Sandstone contains recycled super-fan material. The Edaga Arbi Glacials have a characteristic Tonian population. Such ages are omnipresent in the southern Nubian Shield and represent its earliest formation stage, supporting the assumption of a rather proximal provenance. No regional or stratigraphic trends could be observed within one of the studied formations.

The heavy mineral assemblages of both formations are highly different as well. The Enticho Sandstone is characterised by a large proportion of the ultra-stable heavy minerals zircon, tourmaline and rutile (ZTR). In the lower, glaciogenic sub-unit, significant amounts of garnet are also present. In the Edaga Arbi Glacials, on the other hand, apatite and garnet make up most of the heavy mineral assemblage. No stratigraphic trends were identified within the Edaga Arbi Glacials. Neither could regional trends be observed in one of the studied formations. These patterns underline the differences in mineralogical maturity revealed by petrography and geochemistry. Very little chemical alteration must have affected the Edaga Arbi Glacials, whereas the material forming the Enticho Sandstone is strongly altered. In the well sorted and permeable marine subunit of the Enticho Sandstone it is likely that diagenetic modification by corrosive pore fluids took place and reinforced the high mineralogical maturity. Rutile and garnet chemical analyses point to a combination of magmatic and metamorphic source rocks with metamorphic temperatures of mainly amphibolite-, but also granulite-facies grade for both formations. For the Enticho Sandstone, the heavy mineral analysis confirms the assumption that it contains recycled super-fan material, which was strongly weathered before on the North Gondwana peneplain. The garnet is thought to have been delivered by varying erosion of the basement of the Saharan Metacraton (and maybe also the Nubian Shield) by the glaciers. The proximal provenance of the Edaga Arbi Glacials is confirmed again by the high amounts of unstable heavy minerals. Since the directly underlying basement does not contain high-grade metamorphic rocks, a provenance from the southern hinterland is likely, where the Nubian Shield merges the Mozambique Belt and higher metamorphic grades were reached.

Combining all methods and their outcome with information from the literature, the following provenance models can be inferred for the two studied formations. The Enticho Sandstone was formed during the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) glaciation, when a large ice sheet covered much of northern Africa with a spreading centre in North-West Africa. The ice reached as far south-east as the study area. Ice and meltwater transported sediments to the study area; sediments, which were spread before via the Gondwana super-fan system and strongly weathered on the North Gondwana peneplain during the Cambrian and pre-glacial Ordovician. The original provenance of this super-fan material remains unclear. Material of the Saharan Metacraton basement was eroded by glaciers and admixed to variable amounts. During the post-glacial transgression in the Early Silurian, the upper part of the sedimentary succession was reworked by seawater without adding new detritus. In contrast, the Edaga Arbi Glacials are sourced from the southern hinterland of the Nubian Shield at the transition to the Mozambique Belt. In the Late Palaeozoic, a complex regional topography led to mountain glaciers that eroded the uplifted basement and transported material to nearby depressions, in which proglacial lakes formed. A period of non-deposition between the two formations may have been caused by a consecutive combination of isostatic-rebound after the Late Ordovician glaciation, eustatic sea-level fall in the late Silurian–early Devonian and up-doming prior to Neo-Tethys rifting. No recycling of the Enticho Sandstone by the Edaga Arbi Glacials took place on a grand scale. This was either because the deposition of the former was limited to northern Ethiopia and the source area for the latter was to the south or because the Enticho Sandstone was eroded in the source area of the Edaga Arbi Glacials before the Carboniferous–Permian glaciation.
Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract:
Alternatives AbstractSprache

Der endgültige Zusammenschluss des Superkontinents Gondwana ereignete sich im späten Neoproterozoikum, mit Schließung des Mozambique Ozeans und der Bildung des ausgedehnten Ostafrikanischen Orogens entlang der Verbindung von Ost- und Westgondwana. Am nördlichen Rand des Kontinents entstand eine weitläufige Ebene, die durch paläozoische Sedimente überdeckt wurde. Ein Großteil dieser Sedimente wurde vermutlich vom Ostafrikanischen Orogen abgetragen und über große Sedimentfächer (Gondwana super fan-System) transportiert.

Die paläozoische Sedimentabfolge in Nordäthiopien entstand im Zuge zweier Gondwana-Vereisungen und setzt sich zusammen aus dem Enticho Sandstone (Oberes Ordovizium–Unteres Silur) und den Edaga Arbi Glacials (Oberes Karbon–Unteres Perm). An beiden Formationen haben bereits sedimentologische und palynologische Untersuchungen stattgefunden, deren Provenienz blieb jedoch unklar. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde eine multi-proxy Provenienzanalyse an Proben beider Formationen durchgeführt. Die Basis bilden Dünnschliffanalysen, gefolgt von Haupt- und Spurenelementanalysen der Gesamtgesteinsproben. Die Schwerminerale wurden von den Gesamtgesteinsproben abgetrennt und ihre jeweiligen Anteile bestimmt. Mineralchemische Analysen wurden an Rutil und Granat aus beiden Formationen durchgeführt. Auch detritische Zirkone wurden datiert. Die Arbeit verfolgte das Ziel, eine Datenlücke in der Korrelation von Provenienzmustern paläozoischer Sandsteine Nordgondwanas zu schließen, um den Wissensstand über Sedimenttransportsysteme in Nordgondwana und den Einfluss der beiden Vereisungen auf die Sedimentprovenienz zu erweitern.

An der Basis des Enticho Sandstone befindet sich Tillit, gefolgt von glaziogenem Sandstein, vermutlich Schmelzwasserablagerungen. Am Top zeugen eine bessere Sortierung und eine charakteristische Schrägschichtung von mariner Aufarbeitung und weisen auf die post-glaziale Transgression hin. Die Edaga Arbi Glacials setzen sich aus Tillit und feinlaminierten Sand- und Siltsteinen zusammen, unterbrochen von Sandlagen.

Die beiden Formationen unterscheiden sich stark in ihrer mineralogischen Reife. Der Enticho Sandstone ist sehr reif und für glaziogenen Sandstein ungewöhnlich quarzhaltig. In der marinen Untereinheit sind sogar noch höhere Quarzgehalte zu finden. Die geochemische Zusammensetzung unterstreicht diese hohe Reife. Ein hoher Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) von 85 lässt eine intensive chemische Verwitterung und Aufarbeitung des Materials vermuten. Diese hat wahrscheinlich schon vor Beginn der Eiszeit stattgefunden. Die Edaga Arbi Glacials zeichnen sich durch eine geringere Reife mit höheren Anteilen von Feldspat und Gesteinsfragmenten und einem CIA von 62 aus. Spurenelemente und seltene Erden deuten auf einen höheren Einfluss von juvenilem Ausgangsgestein hin, als beim Enticho Sandstone. Juvenile Krustengesteine finden sich im unterlagernden Nubischen Schild. Ein Vergleich der Geochemiedaten mit solchen von äquivalenten Formationen in Saudi-Arabien zeigt ähnliche Elementverteilungen für das Ordovizium–Silur, aber deutliche Unterschiede im Karbon–Perm. Dies stützt Hypothesen eines großen, homogenen Sedimentsystems während der spätordovizischen Vereisung und lokalerem Sedimenttransport im Karbon–Perm.

Die Datierung detritischer Zirkone in beiden Formationen zeigt Hauptpopulationen pan-afrikanischen (700–550 Ma), tonischen (900–700 Ma), stenisch–tonischen (1200–900 Ma) and untergeordnet paläoproterozoischen and archaischen Alters. Das Verhältnis tonischer und stenisch–tonischer Zirkone unterscheidet sich zwischen den Formationen stark. Im Enticho Sandstone überwiegt eine prominente stenisch–tonische Population, welche charakteristisch für Sedimente des Gondwana super fan-Systems ist. Ein Vergleich mit anderen glazigenen Sandsteinen aus dem Oberordovizium und Sandsteinen aus dem Kambrium bis Mittelordovizium in Nordafrika und dem Mittleren Osten ergab starke Ähnlichkeiten mit Sandsteinen in Israel, Jordanien und Libyen, die vermutlich einen super fan bildeten. Weiterhin fällt auf, dass mit Beginn der Vergletscherung keine Änderung in den Zirkonaltersspektren erfolgt. Es ist also wahrscheinlich, dass der Enticho Sandstone rezykliertes super fan-Material enthält. Die Edaga Arbi Glacials zeichnen sich durch eine charakteristische tonische Population aus. Diese Alter treten häufig in Gesteinen des südlichen Nubischen Schildes auf und repräsentieren dessen frühe Bildungsphase. Die Vermutung einer eher proximalen Provenienz der Edaga Arbi Glacials wird hierdurch bestätigt. Innerhalb der beiden Formationen konnten keine regionalen oder stratigraphischen Trends identifiziert werden.

Die Schwermineralzusammensetzungen der beiden untersuchten Formationen unterscheiden sich ebenfalls stark. Der Enticho Sandstone weist einen hohen Anteil der ultrastabilen Schwerminerale Zirkon, Turmalin und Rutil (ZTR) auf, was die zuvor attestierte hohe mineralogische Reife bestätigt. In der unteren, glazigenen Einheit sind auch höhere Anteile Granat enthalten. Im oberen, marinen Teil wurden wahrscheinlich Minerale durch korrosive Porenwässer diagenetisch gelöst, wodurch die hohe Reife verstärkt wurde. In den Edaga Arbi Glacials ist die Schwermineralfraktion von Apatit und Granat geprägt. Hier konnten keine stratigraphischen Trends beobachtet werden. Die Sedimente müssen extrem wenig chemische Verwitterung erfahren haben. Regionale Trends konnten in keiner der Formationen festgestellt werden. Rutil- und Granatchemie in beiden Formationen deuten auf eine Kombination von magmatischen und metamorphen Ausgangsgesteinen hin, wobei metamorphe Temperaturen im amphibolitfaziellen bis teilweise granulitfaziellen Bereich erreicht wurden. Für den Enticho Sandstone wird durch die Schwermineralanalyse die Vermutung bestätigt, dass er rezykliertes super fan-Material enthält, welches zuvor stark verwittert wurde. Der Granat wurde wahrscheinlich aus dem Basement des Sahara-Metakraton (eventuell auch des Nubischen Schildes) beigemengt. Die Hypothese eines proximalen Liefergebiets für die Edaga Arbi Glacials wird durch die hohen Anteile weniger stabiler Schwerminerale bestätigt. Da das direkt unterlagernde Basement jedoch nur geringmetamorphe Gesteine aufweist, ist ein Liefergebiet im südlichen Hinterland wahrscheinlich, wo das Nubische Schild in den Mozambique Belt übergeht und höhere Metamorphosegrade erreicht wurden.

Führt man die Ergebnisse aller durchgeführten Untersuchungen und Informationen aus der Literatur zusammen, lassen sich folgende Provenienzmodelle für die beiden untersuchten Formationen ableiten. Der Enticho Sandstone wurde während der Hirnantischen Vereisung im späten Ordovizium und der nachfolgenden Transgression gebildet. Ein Eisschild bedeckte große Teile Nordafrikas, wobei das Zentrum in Nord-Westafrika lag. Das Eis reichte bis ins Untersuchungsgebiet. Eis und Schmelzwasser transportierten Sedimente in Richtung des heutigen Äthiopiens. Diese Sedimente wurden zuvor im Gondwana super fan-System transportiert und auf der Tiefebene im Norden Gondwanas abgelagert, wo sie während des Kambriums und prä-glazialen Ordoviziums stark verwitterten. Die ursprüngliche Provenienz des super-fan Materials bleibt unklar. Material aus dem Sahara-Metakraton wurde teilweise von Gletschern erodiert und dem Sediment beigemengt. Während der Transgression im frühen Silur wurde der obere Teil der glazigenen Sedimentablagerungen vom Meerwasser aufgearbeitet, ohne dass neues Material dazu kam. Die Edaga Arbi Glacials hingegen wurden vom südlichen Hinterland des Nubischen Schildes am Übergang zum Mozambique Belt gespeist. Im späten Paläozoikum entstand eine komplexe regionale Topographie und führte zur Bildung von Eiskappen in ausreichender Höhenlage. Diese erodierten exponiertes Basementmaterial und transportierten es in nahegelegene Vertiefungen, wo sich proglaziale Seen bildeten. Zwischen dem Enticho Sandstone und den Edaga Arbi Glacials sind keine Ablagerungen erhalten. Gründe dafür könnten ein Aufeinanderfolgen von isostatischem Rebound nach der spätordovizischen Vereisung, eustatischem Meeresspiegelabfall im späten Silur–frühen Devon und Aufdomen vor der Öffnung der Neo-Tethys sein. Interessant ist zudem, dass kein bedeutendes Recycling des Enticho Sandstone durch die Edaga Arbi Glacials stattgefunden hat. Dies ist wahrscheinlich so, weil die Ablagerung des Enticho Sandstone auf Nordäthiopien beschränkt war, während das Liefergebiet für die Edaga Arbi Glacials im Süden lag oder weil der Enticho Sandstone im Süden erodiert wurde.

Deutsch
Status: Verlagsversion
URN: urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-133000
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 550 Geowissenschaften
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften
11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften > Geowissenschaften
11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften > Geowissenschaften > Fachgebiet Angewandte Sedimentgeologie
Hinterlegungsdatum: 23 Dez 2020 13:48
Letzte Änderung: 29 Dez 2020 06:42
PPN:
Referenten: Hinderer, Prof. Dr. Matthias ; Meinhold, PD Dr. Guido
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: 21 Juli 2020
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