EsmaeilySabetRoudsari, Sareh (2019)
Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties in MnBi/FeCo
and MnGa/FeCo Exchange Spring Bilayers.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Due to the economic crisis concerning rare-earth elements, synthesis of rare-earth free permanent magnets has attracted much attention. The Mn-based intermetallic hard magnetic phases such as MnBi and MnGa are promising rare-earth free candidates particularly in the form of exchange spring magnets coupled to a soft magnetic phase. In this thesis, I have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of c-axis textured MnBi and epitaxial (001) MnGa thin films as well as their exchange coupled bilayers with FeCo soft magnetic layer for further enhancement of the magnetic properties.
First, I studied the growth of highly c-axis textured MnBi thin films deposited in magnetron sputtering from alloy targets on quartz glass substrates. Compared to previous thin film studies in which a multilayer approach was used to grow sequential (Mn/Bi)n layers, in this thesis for the first time I have deposited single layer low-temperature phase (LTP) MnBi thin films with a subsequent annealing step to improve its crystalline texture. Using this approach, the highest degree of crystallinity was achieved at an annealing temperature of 415 °C which significantly improves the saturation magnetization up to 600 emu/cm3 with a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 1.86 MJ/m3. The effect of different starting stoichiometries has shown that slightly higher Mn amount (Mn55Bi45 (at.%)) results in the highest saturation magnetization in the MnBi thin films. The LTP-MnBi thin films have shown a high Curie temperature of ~510K (237 °C) and a positive temperature coefficient for both magnetic anisotropy and coercivity.
Moreover, I have investigated the exchange coupling effect in MnBi/FeCo exchange spring bilayer system. The effect of soft magnetic layer thickness and two different FeCo stoichiometries (Fe-rich and Co-rich compositions) have been studied in this system. Based on the magnetic measurements, the Co-rich stoichiometry acts in favour of exchange coupling. DFT calculations predicted formation of a polycrystalline FeCo layer with coexisting crystalline (110) and disordered phases. The HR-TEM evaluations confirmed that the FeCo layer grown on MnBi thin film shows crystalline (110) orientation with a disordered region close to the hard/soft magnetic interface. This disordered region resulted in a rough interface which deteriorates the exchange coupling for the FeCo thickness above 1 nm. Micromagnetic simulations showed that thickness of the FeCo layer and the interface roughness both control the effectiveness of exchange coupling in MnBi/FeCo system.
In the second part of this thesis, I have deposited epitaxial (001) MnGa thin films using a single layer growth approach on Cr-buffered MgO(100) substrates. The effect of different substrate temperatures on the resulting structural and magnetic properties has been investigated. A high saturation magnetization of 840 emu/cm3 and a very high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 2.1 MJ/m3 were achieved for epitaxial L10-MnGa thin films grown at a substrate temperature of 450 °C which are very close to the theoretically predicted value. The MnGa thin films have shown a Curie temperature of 530 K (257 °C) and a negative temperature coefficient for the magnetic anisotropy and coercivity.
In addition, I have investigated the exchange coupling effect in epitaxial MnGa/FeCo bilayer samples which have shown a stronger coupling effect compared to the MnBi/FeCo case. The effect of epitaxial growth (the hard/soft interface quality) and thickness of the soft magnetic layer have been studied in this system. DFT calculations have shown that a Co-terminated Co-rich FeCo layer is in favour of exchange coupling. In optimized bilayers, the coercivity of MnGa (approximately 6 kOe) is fully conserved while the overall saturation magnetization is increased beyond 1000 emu/cm3. The TEM evaluations confirmed a (001) epitaxially grown bilayer with a sharp interface resulted from a small lattice misfit between the two layers. This is considered as the reason for a more coherent magnetic exchange coupling with a permissible soft magnetic layer thickness of up to 2 nm in MnGa/FeCo system.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Erschienen: | 2019 | ||||
Autor(en): | EsmaeilySabetRoudsari, Sareh | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties in MnBi/FeCo and MnGa/FeCo Exchange Spring Bilayers | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Alff, Prof. Dr. Lambert ; Gutfleisch, Prof. Dr. Oliver | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 21 Oktober 2019 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 23 September 2019 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/9191 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Due to the economic crisis concerning rare-earth elements, synthesis of rare-earth free permanent magnets has attracted much attention. The Mn-based intermetallic hard magnetic phases such as MnBi and MnGa are promising rare-earth free candidates particularly in the form of exchange spring magnets coupled to a soft magnetic phase. In this thesis, I have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of c-axis textured MnBi and epitaxial (001) MnGa thin films as well as their exchange coupled bilayers with FeCo soft magnetic layer for further enhancement of the magnetic properties. First, I studied the growth of highly c-axis textured MnBi thin films deposited in magnetron sputtering from alloy targets on quartz glass substrates. Compared to previous thin film studies in which a multilayer approach was used to grow sequential (Mn/Bi)n layers, in this thesis for the first time I have deposited single layer low-temperature phase (LTP) MnBi thin films with a subsequent annealing step to improve its crystalline texture. Using this approach, the highest degree of crystallinity was achieved at an annealing temperature of 415 °C which significantly improves the saturation magnetization up to 600 emu/cm3 with a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 1.86 MJ/m3. The effect of different starting stoichiometries has shown that slightly higher Mn amount (Mn55Bi45 (at.%)) results in the highest saturation magnetization in the MnBi thin films. The LTP-MnBi thin films have shown a high Curie temperature of ~510K (237 °C) and a positive temperature coefficient for both magnetic anisotropy and coercivity. Moreover, I have investigated the exchange coupling effect in MnBi/FeCo exchange spring bilayer system. The effect of soft magnetic layer thickness and two different FeCo stoichiometries (Fe-rich and Co-rich compositions) have been studied in this system. Based on the magnetic measurements, the Co-rich stoichiometry acts in favour of exchange coupling. DFT calculations predicted formation of a polycrystalline FeCo layer with coexisting crystalline (110) and disordered phases. The HR-TEM evaluations confirmed that the FeCo layer grown on MnBi thin film shows crystalline (110) orientation with a disordered region close to the hard/soft magnetic interface. This disordered region resulted in a rough interface which deteriorates the exchange coupling for the FeCo thickness above 1 nm. Micromagnetic simulations showed that thickness of the FeCo layer and the interface roughness both control the effectiveness of exchange coupling in MnBi/FeCo system. In the second part of this thesis, I have deposited epitaxial (001) MnGa thin films using a single layer growth approach on Cr-buffered MgO(100) substrates. The effect of different substrate temperatures on the resulting structural and magnetic properties has been investigated. A high saturation magnetization of 840 emu/cm3 and a very high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 2.1 MJ/m3 were achieved for epitaxial L10-MnGa thin films grown at a substrate temperature of 450 °C which are very close to the theoretically predicted value. The MnGa thin films have shown a Curie temperature of 530 K (257 °C) and a negative temperature coefficient for the magnetic anisotropy and coercivity. In addition, I have investigated the exchange coupling effect in epitaxial MnGa/FeCo bilayer samples which have shown a stronger coupling effect compared to the MnBi/FeCo case. The effect of epitaxial growth (the hard/soft interface quality) and thickness of the soft magnetic layer have been studied in this system. DFT calculations have shown that a Co-terminated Co-rich FeCo layer is in favour of exchange coupling. In optimized bilayers, the coercivity of MnGa (approximately 6 kOe) is fully conserved while the overall saturation magnetization is increased beyond 1000 emu/cm3. The TEM evaluations confirmed a (001) epitaxially grown bilayer with a sharp interface resulted from a small lattice misfit between the two layers. This is considered as the reason for a more coherent magnetic exchange coupling with a permissible soft magnetic layer thickness of up to 2 nm in MnGa/FeCo system. |
||||
Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
|
||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-91917 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 530 Physik 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau |
||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften > Materialwissenschaft 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften > Materialwissenschaft > Fachgebiet Dünne Schichten |
||||
Hinterlegungsdatum: | 17 Nov 2019 20:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 17 Nov 2019 20:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Alff, Prof. Dr. Lambert ; Gutfleisch, Prof. Dr. Oliver | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 23 September 2019 | ||||
Export: | |||||
Suche nach Titel in: | TUfind oder in Google |
Frage zum Eintrag |
Optionen (nur für Redakteure)
Redaktionelle Details anzeigen |