Kittel, Hannah Maria (2019)
Drop Impact onto a Wall Wetted by a Thin Film of Another Liquid.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Drop/wall film interaction is an important process involved in many technical applications, such as fuel injection into the combustion chamber and spray cooling, coating or cleaning. In some cases the liquids of a drop and of a wall film are different. If secondary droplets result from this interaction, these droplets might contain both liquids. In an internal combustion engine this phenomenon could influence the combustion process and emission formation, and could potentially be a reason of pre-ignition events. The outcome of drop impact is influenced by several parameters, such as initial drop diameter, impact velocity, but also the fluid properties of both liquids and even on their miscibility. For technical applications it is necessary to know the different phenomenon involving outcomes such as maximum corona diameter and content of secondary droplets. Due to the large number of influencing parameters if both liquids are different, the process is highly complex and not fully understood yet. In the present study the impact of a single liquid drop onto a thin liquid film of another miscible as well as immiscible fluid is investigated experimentally. The dynamics of drop impact are captured using a high-speed video system. For the investigation of the drop impact dynamics different configurations of the experimental setup are used: for study of the normal and inclined impact, for obtaining of the bottom view on the expanding corona, and for investigation of details of the flow of both liquids using a colour high-speed visualization. Different outcomes resulting from normal drop impact are determined and classified regarding the influencing impact parameters: deposition, corona, splashing and partial rebound. Drop spreading is observed on highly viscous and soft substrates. The maximum spreading diameter on these substrates is determined for different impact conditions. For less viscous wall films, drop impact can lead to the expansion of a corona. The maximum corona diameter is investigated and determined for several fluid combinations. In case of drop impact onto an inclined wall film the impact leads to the expansion of a non-axisymmetric corona. The geometry of the non-axisymmetric expansion is determined and theoretically described. Under certain conditions secondary droplets are formed as result of drop splashing. To predict splashing, splashing thresholds have been determined for wetted and soft substrates separately. Since both fluid properties influence the splashing threshold, new scalings are introduced, which involve the properties of both liquids. It is shown that the well-known K number only determines the splashing threshold of the viscosity of the film if it is much larger or much smaller than the drop viscosity. For comparable viscosities of drop and wall film, a critical modified K number is introduced, which is a function of the viscosity ratio. Finally, the modified K number is used to predict splashing for typical engine conditions, since splashing is considered as one of the effects triggering pre-ignition in the engine. A further phenomenon, which is observed at some conditions, is corona detachment. In this case the corona detaches from the corona base leading to a secondary atomisation. This phenomenon is investigated and the range of parameters, for which corona detachment can be observed, is determined. Finally, it is not only important to be able to predict whether splashing will occur or not, but also to know the content of multicomponent corona and secondary droplets, when the liquids of drop and wall film are different. To distinguish flows of different liquids, the drop is dyed and a colour high-speed visualization of impact is implemented. A calibration method is introduced and described, which allows the determination of the content ratio of both liquids in case of an immiscible droplet-in-droplet configuration. The distribution of both liquids in the corona and secondary droplets is determined. It is shown that the content of the secondary droplets is dependent on the wall film viscosity. It is demonstrated that the introduced method is applicable for future parametric studies of multicomponent droplets.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2019 | ||||
Autor(en): | Kittel, Hannah Maria | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Drop Impact onto a Wall Wetted by a Thin Film of Another Liquid | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Tropea, Prof. Dr. Cameron ; Roisman, Apl. Prof. Ilia V. ; Marengo, Prof. Dr. Marco | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 2019 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 13 Juni 2019 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/8986 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Drop/wall film interaction is an important process involved in many technical applications, such as fuel injection into the combustion chamber and spray cooling, coating or cleaning. In some cases the liquids of a drop and of a wall film are different. If secondary droplets result from this interaction, these droplets might contain both liquids. In an internal combustion engine this phenomenon could influence the combustion process and emission formation, and could potentially be a reason of pre-ignition events. The outcome of drop impact is influenced by several parameters, such as initial drop diameter, impact velocity, but also the fluid properties of both liquids and even on their miscibility. For technical applications it is necessary to know the different phenomenon involving outcomes such as maximum corona diameter and content of secondary droplets. Due to the large number of influencing parameters if both liquids are different, the process is highly complex and not fully understood yet. In the present study the impact of a single liquid drop onto a thin liquid film of another miscible as well as immiscible fluid is investigated experimentally. The dynamics of drop impact are captured using a high-speed video system. For the investigation of the drop impact dynamics different configurations of the experimental setup are used: for study of the normal and inclined impact, for obtaining of the bottom view on the expanding corona, and for investigation of details of the flow of both liquids using a colour high-speed visualization. Different outcomes resulting from normal drop impact are determined and classified regarding the influencing impact parameters: deposition, corona, splashing and partial rebound. Drop spreading is observed on highly viscous and soft substrates. The maximum spreading diameter on these substrates is determined for different impact conditions. For less viscous wall films, drop impact can lead to the expansion of a corona. The maximum corona diameter is investigated and determined for several fluid combinations. In case of drop impact onto an inclined wall film the impact leads to the expansion of a non-axisymmetric corona. The geometry of the non-axisymmetric expansion is determined and theoretically described. Under certain conditions secondary droplets are formed as result of drop splashing. To predict splashing, splashing thresholds have been determined for wetted and soft substrates separately. Since both fluid properties influence the splashing threshold, new scalings are introduced, which involve the properties of both liquids. It is shown that the well-known K number only determines the splashing threshold of the viscosity of the film if it is much larger or much smaller than the drop viscosity. For comparable viscosities of drop and wall film, a critical modified K number is introduced, which is a function of the viscosity ratio. Finally, the modified K number is used to predict splashing for typical engine conditions, since splashing is considered as one of the effects triggering pre-ignition in the engine. A further phenomenon, which is observed at some conditions, is corona detachment. In this case the corona detaches from the corona base leading to a secondary atomisation. This phenomenon is investigated and the range of parameters, for which corona detachment can be observed, is determined. Finally, it is not only important to be able to predict whether splashing will occur or not, but also to know the content of multicomponent corona and secondary droplets, when the liquids of drop and wall film are different. To distinguish flows of different liquids, the drop is dyed and a colour high-speed visualization of impact is implemented. A calibration method is introduced and described, which allows the determination of the content ratio of both liquids in case of an immiscible droplet-in-droplet configuration. The distribution of both liquids in the corona and secondary droplets is determined. It is shown that the content of the secondary droplets is dependent on the wall film viscosity. It is demonstrated that the introduced method is applicable for future parametric studies of multicomponent droplets. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-89860 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau | ||||
Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau > Fachgebiet Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik (SLA) 16 Fachbereich Maschinenbau > Fachgebiet Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik (SLA) > Tropfendynamik und Sprays |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 03 Nov 2019 20:57 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 03 Nov 2019 20:57 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Tropea, Prof. Dr. Cameron ; Roisman, Apl. Prof. Ilia V. ; Marengo, Prof. Dr. Marco | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 13 Juni 2019 | ||||
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