Tao, Shasha (2019)
Electrodeposition of Nickel-Based Non-Noble Transition Metal Compounds for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Electrochemical water splitting has become increasingly important in energy-related applications. Especially, efficient storage of the electrical energy harvested from the sunlight and from wind in chemical bonds is crucial for a future renewable energy economy. The overpotentials for the hydrogen and the oxygen evolution reactions (HER, OER) are standardly reduced by employing rare and expensive metal-based catalysts. The replacement of these materials by abundant and low-cost alternatives is therefore of utmost technological importance. In the present work, Ni-based non-noble transition metal compounds such as Ni metal and its hydroxides and oxides as nanoparticles (NPs) and/or thin films as well as highly porous mixed Ni-Mo films were investigated for the electrocatalytic HER, OER and the overall water splitting reaction. They were prepared by employing electrochemical deposition techniques. The surface chemical composition and morphology of the synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. These analyses were carried out before and after the electrochemical reactions in order to gain a deeper understanding of the critical parameters for the catalytic activities. For the composite Ni/NiO/Ni(OH)2 NPs, the catalytic activity for the HER increases with an increase in the amount of NiO and reaches a maximum at the right composition of the active sites with approximately 25% Ni metal and Ni(OH)2 each, as well as 50% NiO. For the OER, a pre-treatment of the electrodeposited Ni(OH)2 films by thermal annealing in normal atmosphere is of extreme importance to form a large amount of the catalytically most active NiOOH species during the electrochemical reaction. As bifunctional electrocatalysts for the water splitting reaction, porous Ni-Mo structures were synthesized and investigated. In summary it can be stated, that the here prepared and tested Ni-based catalysts show activities comparable to the Pt for the HER and even better than the commercial RuO2 for the OER, respectively. Finally, the stabilities of the newly synthesized catalyst materials were investigated in relation to their activities and chemical compositions. Long-term measurements (up to 30 h) on the Ni composite NPs for the HER show a gradual transformation of the highly active catalyst compound consisting of Ni0, NiO, and Ni(OH)2 into the almost pure less-active Ni(OH)2 phase, which requires then the double overpotential to keep the current density at -10 mA cm-2. In contrast, the stability test of the annealed Ni(OH)2 films for the OER indicates an activation during the first 2 h with a corresponding decrease in overpotential, which is associated with the formation of the catalytically active NiOOH species. After the activation, the OER catalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical stability during the following 24 h.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2019 | ||||
Autor(en): | Tao, Shasha | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Electrodeposition of Nickel-Based Non-Noble Transition Metal Compounds for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Kaiser, PD Dr. Bernhard ; Etzold, Prof. Dr. Bastian J.M. | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | 23 Juli 2019 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 12 Juli 2019 | ||||
URL / URN: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/8923 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Electrochemical water splitting has become increasingly important in energy-related applications. Especially, efficient storage of the electrical energy harvested from the sunlight and from wind in chemical bonds is crucial for a future renewable energy economy. The overpotentials for the hydrogen and the oxygen evolution reactions (HER, OER) are standardly reduced by employing rare and expensive metal-based catalysts. The replacement of these materials by abundant and low-cost alternatives is therefore of utmost technological importance. In the present work, Ni-based non-noble transition metal compounds such as Ni metal and its hydroxides and oxides as nanoparticles (NPs) and/or thin films as well as highly porous mixed Ni-Mo films were investigated for the electrocatalytic HER, OER and the overall water splitting reaction. They were prepared by employing electrochemical deposition techniques. The surface chemical composition and morphology of the synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. These analyses were carried out before and after the electrochemical reactions in order to gain a deeper understanding of the critical parameters for the catalytic activities. For the composite Ni/NiO/Ni(OH)2 NPs, the catalytic activity for the HER increases with an increase in the amount of NiO and reaches a maximum at the right composition of the active sites with approximately 25% Ni metal and Ni(OH)2 each, as well as 50% NiO. For the OER, a pre-treatment of the electrodeposited Ni(OH)2 films by thermal annealing in normal atmosphere is of extreme importance to form a large amount of the catalytically most active NiOOH species during the electrochemical reaction. As bifunctional electrocatalysts for the water splitting reaction, porous Ni-Mo structures were synthesized and investigated. In summary it can be stated, that the here prepared and tested Ni-based catalysts show activities comparable to the Pt for the HER and even better than the commercial RuO2 for the OER, respectively. Finally, the stabilities of the newly synthesized catalyst materials were investigated in relation to their activities and chemical compositions. Long-term measurements (up to 30 h) on the Ni composite NPs for the HER show a gradual transformation of the highly active catalyst compound consisting of Ni0, NiO, and Ni(OH)2 into the almost pure less-active Ni(OH)2 phase, which requires then the double overpotential to keep the current density at -10 mA cm-2. In contrast, the stability test of the annealed Ni(OH)2 films for the OER indicates an activation during the first 2 h with a corresponding decrease in overpotential, which is associated with the formation of the catalytically active NiOOH species. After the activation, the OER catalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical stability during the following 24 h. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-89232 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 500 Naturwissenschaften 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 540 Chemie |
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Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften > Materialwissenschaft 11 Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften > Materialwissenschaft > Fachgebiet Oberflächenforschung |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 11 Aug 2019 19:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 11 Aug 2019 19:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Kaiser, PD Dr. Bernhard ; Etzold, Prof. Dr. Bastian J.M. | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 12 Juli 2019 | ||||
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