Rauh, Oliver (2018)
Molecular explanations for gating in simple model K+ channels.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Dissertation, Erstveröffentlichung
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract)
Potassium channels are transmembrane proteins that facilitate the passive and selective flux of K+ ions across biological membranes in cells of virtually all species. They are involved in a broad variety of cellular and physiological processes such as neuronal excitability, muscle contraction, volume regulation and secretion. Consequently, the understanding of these processes and their pathological dysfunctions requires insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of potassium channels. The focus of the present thesis is placed on the investigation of gating mechanisms in potassium channels. For this purpose, I used small viral encoded KcvATCV-1-like potassium channels, which resemble with a monomer size of only 82 amino acids, the pore module of all complex potassium channels in terms of structure and function. In the first part of this work two members of the KcvATCV-1-family, KcvS and KcvNTS, are used in a comparative experimental and computational analysis to examine the mechanistical and chemical explanation of a particular gating process. Even though both proteins share about 90% amino acid sequence identity they exhibit different open probabilities with ~90% in KcvNTS and ~40% in KcvS. Single-channel analysis, mutational studies and molecular dynamics simulations show that the difference in open probability is the result of a single long-lasting closed state in KcvS. This closed state is caused by the formation of a transient, intrahelical hydrogen-bond between the side chain of a serine located in the pore-lining transmembrane helix and a carbonyl oxygen in the preceding helix turn. This hydrogen-bond induces a kink, which promotes an interaction of aromatic groups from downstream phenylalanine residues at the intracellular pore entrance that blocks ion flux. The second part deals with the investigation of the kinetics and molecular causes of a voltage-dependent gating process in KcvNH S77G. This channel exhibits in multi-channel bilayer experiments in response to membrane hyperpolarization a time-dependent, ultra-slow inactivation, resulting in an outwardly-rectifying current-voltage relationship. Single-channel measurements demonstrate that this inactivation is caused by the voltage-dependent transition from an active state, in which the channel exhibits an open probability of about 90%, to an ultra-long-lasting, voltage-insensitive inactive state. The transition into the inactive state is sensitive to both the external potassium concentration and the electrochemical driving force. The electrophysiological experiments, the kinetic information extracted from these and the agreement of model-based predictions with experimentally obtained data support the hypothesis that inactivation is directly coupled to the permeation of ions through the channel pore. These results provide a plausible mechanistic explanation on how ion channels without a VSD in general can sense a change in membrane voltage.
Typ des Eintrags: | Dissertation | ||||
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Erschienen: | 2018 | ||||
Autor(en): | Rauh, Oliver | ||||
Art des Eintrags: | Erstveröffentlichung | ||||
Titel: | Molecular explanations for gating in simple model K+ channels | ||||
Sprache: | Englisch | ||||
Referenten: | Schröder, Dr. Indra ; Thiel, Prof. Dr. Gerhard | ||||
Publikationsjahr: | Mai 2018 | ||||
Ort: | Darmstadt | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: | 22 Mai 2018 | ||||
URL / URN: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/7437 | ||||
Kurzbeschreibung (Abstract): | Potassium channels are transmembrane proteins that facilitate the passive and selective flux of K+ ions across biological membranes in cells of virtually all species. They are involved in a broad variety of cellular and physiological processes such as neuronal excitability, muscle contraction, volume regulation and secretion. Consequently, the understanding of these processes and their pathological dysfunctions requires insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of potassium channels. The focus of the present thesis is placed on the investigation of gating mechanisms in potassium channels. For this purpose, I used small viral encoded KcvATCV-1-like potassium channels, which resemble with a monomer size of only 82 amino acids, the pore module of all complex potassium channels in terms of structure and function. In the first part of this work two members of the KcvATCV-1-family, KcvS and KcvNTS, are used in a comparative experimental and computational analysis to examine the mechanistical and chemical explanation of a particular gating process. Even though both proteins share about 90% amino acid sequence identity they exhibit different open probabilities with ~90% in KcvNTS and ~40% in KcvS. Single-channel analysis, mutational studies and molecular dynamics simulations show that the difference in open probability is the result of a single long-lasting closed state in KcvS. This closed state is caused by the formation of a transient, intrahelical hydrogen-bond between the side chain of a serine located in the pore-lining transmembrane helix and a carbonyl oxygen in the preceding helix turn. This hydrogen-bond induces a kink, which promotes an interaction of aromatic groups from downstream phenylalanine residues at the intracellular pore entrance that blocks ion flux. The second part deals with the investigation of the kinetics and molecular causes of a voltage-dependent gating process in KcvNH S77G. This channel exhibits in multi-channel bilayer experiments in response to membrane hyperpolarization a time-dependent, ultra-slow inactivation, resulting in an outwardly-rectifying current-voltage relationship. Single-channel measurements demonstrate that this inactivation is caused by the voltage-dependent transition from an active state, in which the channel exhibits an open probability of about 90%, to an ultra-long-lasting, voltage-insensitive inactive state. The transition into the inactive state is sensitive to both the external potassium concentration and the electrochemical driving force. The electrophysiological experiments, the kinetic information extracted from these and the agreement of model-based predictions with experimentally obtained data support the hypothesis that inactivation is directly coupled to the permeation of ions through the channel pore. These results provide a plausible mechanistic explanation on how ion channels without a VSD in general can sense a change in membrane voltage. |
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Alternatives oder übersetztes Abstract: |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-74372 | ||||
Sachgruppe der Dewey Dezimalklassifikatin (DDC): | 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 500 Naturwissenschaften 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie |
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Fachbereich(e)/-gebiet(e): | 10 Fachbereich Biologie 10 Fachbereich Biologie > Plant Membrane Biophyscis (am 20.12.23 umbenannt in Biologie der Algen und Protozoen) |
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Hinterlegungsdatum: | 03 Jun 2018 19:55 | ||||
Letzte Änderung: | 03 Jun 2018 19:55 | ||||
PPN: | |||||
Referenten: | Schröder, Dr. Indra ; Thiel, Prof. Dr. Gerhard | ||||
Datum der mündlichen Prüfung / Verteidigung / mdl. Prüfung: | 22 Mai 2018 | ||||
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