Wu, Qi-Hui and Thißen, Andreas and Jaegermann, Wolfram (2004):
Photoelectron spectroscopic study of Na intercalation into V2O5 thin films.
167, In: Solid State Ionics, (1-2), pp. 155-163, ISSN 01672738, [Online-Edition: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2003.12.016],
[Article]
Abstract
In this work, the intercalation of sodium into V2O5 thin films prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates is studied by X-ray and UV-induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The vanadium ions in the as-prepared V2O5 are mostly in a pentavalent V5+ state. The intercalated sodium strongly affects the electronic structure and causes a Fermi level shift of about 0.7 eV. The core level spectra show that the vanadium gets partially reduced to V4+ and even V3+ states. About 0.42 electrons per intercalated sodium atom are transferred from the Na3s orbitals into V3d-like states. For a completely sodium-intercalated V2O5 film with a composition of NaxV2O5 (x≈2), a further increase in deposition time leads to sodium adsorption on the V2O5 surface and thus to the formation of sodium oxides (NaxOy) and, finally, also metallic sodium at the sample surface. Partially, the vanadium gets reduced even further to V2+ and V1+ states indicating a decomposition reaction. The work function decreases with increasing sodium deposition time due to sodium intercalation into the V2O5, as well as to the sodium adsorption accompanied by the formation of surface dipoles and finally increases again because of depolarization effects and the formation of a metallic sodium phase on the surface.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Erschienen: | 2004 |
| Creators: | Wu, Qi-Hui and Thißen, Andreas and Jaegermann, Wolfram |
| Title: | Photoelectron spectroscopic study of Na intercalation into V2O5 thin films |
| Language: | English |
| Abstract: | In this work, the intercalation of sodium into V2O5 thin films prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates is studied by X-ray and UV-induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The vanadium ions in the as-prepared V2O5 are mostly in a pentavalent V5+ state. The intercalated sodium strongly affects the electronic structure and causes a Fermi level shift of about 0.7 eV. The core level spectra show that the vanadium gets partially reduced to V4+ and even V3+ states. About 0.42 electrons per intercalated sodium atom are transferred from the Na3s orbitals into V3d-like states. For a completely sodium-intercalated V2O5 film with a composition of NaxV2O5 (x≈2), a further increase in deposition time leads to sodium adsorption on the V2O5 surface and thus to the formation of sodium oxides (NaxOy) and, finally, also metallic sodium at the sample surface. Partially, the vanadium gets reduced even further to V2+ and V1+ states indicating a decomposition reaction. The work function decreases with increasing sodium deposition time due to sodium intercalation into the V2O5, as well as to the sodium adsorption accompanied by the formation of surface dipoles and finally increases again because of depolarization effects and the formation of a metallic sodium phase on the surface. |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Solid State Ionics |
| Volume: | 167 |
| Number: | 1-2 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Vanadium pentoxide; Sodium intercalation; Cathode materials; Intercalation batteries; PES |
| Divisions: | 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science > Surface Science DFG-Collaborative Research Centres (incl. Transregio) DFG-Collaborative Research Centres (incl. Transregio) > Collaborative Research Centres Zentrale Einrichtungen DFG-Collaborative Research Centres (incl. Transregio) > Collaborative Research Centres > CRC 595: Electrical fatigue DFG-Collaborative Research Centres (incl. Transregio) > Collaborative Research Centres > CRC 595: Electrical fatigue > A - Synthesis DFG-Collaborative Research Centres (incl. Transregio) > Collaborative Research Centres > CRC 595: Electrical fatigue > A - Synthesis > Subproject A3: Boundary layers and thin films of ionic conductors: Electronic structure, electrochemical potentials, defect formation and degradation mechanisms |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2011 09:42 |
| Official URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2003.12.016 |
| Additional Information: | SFB 595 A3 |
| Identification Number: | doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2003.12.016 |
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